0001805077-24-000013 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer | EOS Energy Enterprises INC

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss was as follows:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Stock options	$	2,468	$	3,002
Restricted stock units	11,589		10,792
Total	$	14,057	$	13,794

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Units	Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Options Outstanding at December 31, 2021	2,023,460	$	9.51	6.3
Granted	3,275,224	1.33
Cancelled/Forfeited	(953,872)	4.84
Options Outstanding at December 31, 2022	4,344,812	4.37		7.7
Granted	649,865	2.27
Cancelled/Forfeited	(504,550)	2.39
Exercised	(262,500)	1.35
Options Outstanding at December 31, 2023	4,227,627	4.47		5.2
Options Exercisable at December 31, 2023	3,590,262	4.86		5.3

Schedule of Restricted Stock Units (RSU)

A summary of restricted stock units (RSU) activity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:


	Units	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
RSUs Outstanding at December 31, 2021	2,194,756	$	16.36
Granted	2,557,263	2.87
Cancelled/Forfeited	(1,051,951)	8.55
Vested	(704,178)	15.02
RSUs Outstanding at December 31, 2022	2,995,890	7.89
Granted	4,804,057	3.42
Cancelled/Forfeited	(898,525)	4.86
Vested	(1,453,964)	7.39
RSUs Outstanding at December 31, 2023	5,447,458	4.58

Schedule of Weighted Average Assumptions

The weighted average assumptions used to determine the fair value of stock options granted in 2023 and 2022 are as follows:


	2023		2022
Volatility	62.60	%	61.36	%
Risk free interest rate	4.07	%	3.27	%
Expected life (years)	3.00		4.67
Dividend yield	0	%	0	%

Income Taxes - Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Associated with Uncertain Tax Positions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 685	$ 719
Current year tax positions	0	0
Prior year tax positions	0	0
Rate change	(5)	(34)
Settlements	0	0
Lapse of statute of limitations	0	0
Ending balance	$ 680	$ 685

Fair Value Measurement - Schedule of Assumptions used to determine Fair Value of Embedded Derivative Liabilities (Details)		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 18, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022	May 15, 2023 $ / shares
Time to expiration \| May 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Time to expiration		4 years 6 months 14 days		5 years 2 months 1 day
Common stock price \| May 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input		1.09		2.31
Risk-free interest rate \| May 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input		0.038		0.034
Volatility \| May 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input		0.700		0.700
2021 Convertible Notes Payable \| Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Term		2 years 6 months	3 years 6 months
Effective debt yield		40.00%	25.00%
2021 Convertible Notes Payable \| Dividend yield \| Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value, measurement input		0	0
2021 Convertible Notes Payable \| Risk-free interest rate \| Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value, measurement input		0.041	0.041
2021 Convertible Notes Payable \| Volatility \| Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value, measurement input		0.700	0.800
AFG Convertible Notes \| Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Term	3 years 5 months 12 days	2 years 6 months
Effective debt yield	40.00%	40.00%
AFG Convertible Notes \| Dividend yield \| Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value, measurement input	0	0
AFG Convertible Notes \| Risk-free interest rate \| Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value, measurement input	0.036	0.041
AFG Convertible Notes \| Volatility \| Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value, measurement input	0.700	0.700

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 16,378	$ 17,924
Costs and expenses
Cost of goods sold	89,798	153,260
Research and development expenses	18,708	18,469
Selling, general and administrative expenses	53,650	60,623
Loss from write-down of property, plant and equipment	7,159	6,846
Grant income, net	0	(16)
Total costs and expenses	169,315	239,182
Operating loss	(152,937)	(221,258)
Other (expense) income
Change in fair value of warrants	(24,980)	848
Change in fair value of derivatives - related parties	9,983	10,880
Loss on debt extinguishment	(3,510)	(942)
Other expense	(1,795)	(477)
Loss before income taxes	(229,475)	(229,762)
Income tax expense	31	51
Net loss	(229,506)	(229,813)
Other comprehensive income
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	1	6
Comprehensive loss	$ (229,505)	$ (229,807)
Basic and diluted loss per share attributable to common shareholders
Basic (in usd per share)	$ (1.81)	$ (3.68)
Diluted (in usd per share)	$ (1.81)	$ (3.68)
Weighted average shares of common stock
Basic (in shares)	126,967,756	62,439,857
Diluted (in shares)	126,967,756	62,439,857
Nonrelated Party
Other (expense) income
Interest expense, net	$ (18,770)	$ (7,915)
Related Party
Other (expense) income
Interest expense, net	$ (37,466)	$ (10,898)

Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consisted of various patents valued at $400, which represents the cost to acquire the patents. These patents are determined to have useful lives and are amortized into the results of operations over ten years. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded amortization expense of $40 for each period, related to patents.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company also capitalized $138 of costs for internal-use software. The software has a useful life and is amortized into the results of operations over 3 years. The Company recorded amortization expense of $43 for the year ended December 31, 2023, related to software.

Estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:


	Amortization Expense
2024	$	86
2025	86
2026	43
2027	40
2028	40
	$	295

Income Taxes - Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets:
NOL carryforwards	$ 152,380	$ 121,142
Capital loss carryforwards	235	235
Tax credit carryforwards	65	65
Goodwill	6,735	7,427
Capitalized research & experimental costs	8,213	3,952
Stock-based compensation	3,819	4,819
Accruals and reserves	2,503	1,678
Organizational costs	124	140
Lease liability	1,309	1,413
Fixed assets	268	316
Inventory	977	663
Transaction costs	244	266
Deferred tax assets, gross	176,872	142,116
Valuation allowance	(175,680)	(140,858)
Total deferred tax assets, net	1,192	1,258
Deferred tax liabilities:
Right of use asset	(1,144)	(1,194)
Intangibles	(41)	(63)
Other	(7)	(1)
Deferred tax liabilities	(1,192)	(1,258)
Total deferred tax asset (liability)	$ 0	$ 0

Income Taxes - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax provision	$ 31	$ 51
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance	(34,822)	(34,822)
Valuation allowance	175,680	140,858
Valuation allowance to be allocated to additional paid-in capital when released	1,762
Valuation allowance to be released through continuing operations	173,918
Unrecognized tax benefits	680	685	$ 719
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate	0
Domestic Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
NOL carryforwards	638,507	485,351
NOL subject to expiration	89,051
NOL with an indefinite carryforward period	549,456
Domestic Tax Authority \| Research Tax Credit Carryforward
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax credits	3,733	3,733
Amount federal R&D credits will expire unused	3,733	3,733
State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
NOL carryforwards	228,333	235,679
NOL subject to expiration	222,764
NOL with an indefinite carryforward period	5,569
State and Local Jurisdiction \| Research Tax Credit Carryforward
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax credits	$ 65	$ 65

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

The following table provides information about property, plant and equipment, net balances:


				December 31,
	Useful lives			2023		2022
Equipment	5	—	10 years	$	20,559	$	23,653
Finance lease	5	—	years	504		379
Furniture	5	—	10 years	2,103		1,868
Leasehold improvements	Lesser of useful life/remaining lease			7,718		6,303
Tooling	2	—	3 years	7,045		6,926
Construction in progress				17,958		—
Total				55,887		39,129
Less: Accumulated depreciation				(18,032)		(11,960)
Total property, plant and equipment, net				$	37,855	$	27,169

Borrowings - Schedule of Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Borrowing Outstanding
Total borrowings	$ 238,962	$ 219,744
Current portion	3,332	5,560
Total borrowings, non-current	235,630	214,184
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	203,859	175,831
Current portion	3,332	5,560
Total borrowings, non-current	200,527	170,271
2021 Convertible Notes Payable \| Convertible Notes
Borrowing Outstanding
Total borrowings	115,815	109,167
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	94,386	82,950
Senior Secured Term Loan
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	85,624	81,616
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Borrowing Outstanding
Total borrowings	100,000	100,000
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	85,624	81,616
AFG Convertible Note \| Convertible Notes
Borrowing Outstanding
Total borrowings	17,429	0
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	18,139	0
Equipment financing facility
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	5,710	8,577
Equipment financing facility \| Line of Credit
Borrowing Outstanding
Total borrowings	5,718	8,577
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	5,710	8,577
Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note
Borrowing Outstanding
Total borrowings	0
Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note \| Convertible Notes
Borrowing Outstanding
Total borrowings	0	2,000
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	$ 0	$ 2,688

Revenue Recognition - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in contract asset	$ 6,322	$ 631
Increase (decrease) in contract liabilities	1,804	3,957
Contract liabilities, due to advance payments	10,434
Revenue recognized from contract liabilities	8,630
Contract liabilities, current	3,070	3,850
Contract liabilities, long-term	3,540	$ 956
Contract assets, current	6,386
Contract assets, long-term	$ 1,936
Revenue Benchmark \| Customer 1 \| Customer Concentration Risk
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	49.90%	80.80%
Revenue Benchmark \| Customer 2 \| Customer Concentration Risk
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	45.20%

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment	$ 9,668	$ 6,774
Loss from write-down of property, plant and equipment	7,159	$ 6,846
Interest costs	$ 966

Subsequent Events (Details) - Subsequent Event - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Feb. 01, 2024	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 08, 2024
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Settlement, amount awarded to other party	$ 8,500
Payments for legal settlements		$ 1,000
Litigation settlement amount funded by liability insurance policies	$ 7,500
TETRA Technologies, Inc \| Zinc Bromide
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Collaborative agreement of supply and purchase commitment			100.00%
TETRA Technologies, Inc \| Electrolyte Solutions
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Collaborative agreement of supply and purchase commitment			75.00%
SHPP US LLC
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Collaborative agreement of supply and purchase commitment		100.00%

Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Warranty Reserve Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]
Warranty reserve - beginning of period	$ 3,836	$ 2,112
Additions for current year deliveries	811	2,460
Changes in the warranty reserve estimate	2,070	1,284
Warranty costs incurred	(520)	(2,020)
Warranty reserve - end of period	$ 6,197	$ 3,836

Fair Value Measurement - Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Warrants
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the period	$ 27,406	$ 0	$ 0
Additions	55,330	0
Change in fair value of derivatives - related party	(27,924)	0
Balance at end of the period	27,406	0
Embedded derivatives
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the period	4,423	1,945	$ 12,359
Additions	30,619	466
Change in fair value of derivatives - related party	(28,141)	(10,880)
Balance at end of the period	$ 4,423	$ 1,945

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities

Lease assets and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:


		December 31,
	Classification on Balance Sheet	2023		2022
Assets
ROU operating lease assets	Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	$	4,033	$	4,316
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net	209		153
Total lease assets		$	4,242	$	4,469

		December 31,
	Classification on Balance Sheet	2023		2022
Liabilities
Current
Operating lease liability	Operating lease liability, current	$	1,496	$	1,106
Finance lease liability	Other current liabilities	100		32
Long-term
Operating lease liability	Operating lease liability	3,350		4,130
Finance lease liability	Other liabilities	88		126
Total lease liabilities		$	5,034	$	5,394

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments

Future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:


	Operating leases		Finance leases		Total
2024	$	2,063	$	135	$	2,198
2025	2,175		56		2,231
2026	1,610		35		1,645
2027	—		19		19
Total minimum lease payments	$	5,848	$	245	$	6,093
Less amounts representing interest	(1,002)		(57)		(1,059)
Present value of minimum lease payments	$	4,846	$	188	$	5,034

Schedule of Future Minimum Finance Lease Payments

Future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:


	Operating leases		Finance leases		Total
2024	$	2,063	$	135	$	2,198
2025	2,175		56		2,231
2026	1,610		35		1,645
2027	—		19		19
Total minimum lease payments	$	5,848	$	245	$	6,093
Less amounts representing interest	(1,002)		(57)		(1,059)
Present value of minimum lease payments	$	4,846	$	188	$	5,034

Borrowings - Schedule of Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
2021 Convertible Notes Payable \| Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense	$ 6,648	$ 6,267
Amortization of debt discount	5,237	3,588
Amortization of debt issuance costs	508	388
Total	12,393	10,243
AFG Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	2,873
AFG Convertible Notes \| Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense	3,679
Amortization of debt discount	743
Amortization of debt issuance costs	209
Total	4,631
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Nonrelated Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense	13,943	4,887
Amortization of debt discount	407	142
Amortization of debt issuance costs	3,601	1,320
Total	$ 17,951	$ 6,349

Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 18, 2023	Jul. 06, 2021
Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payment made for debt issuance cost		$ 1,116	$ 304
Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Principal amount		35,000
2021 Convertible Notes Payable
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Convertible notes payable		94,386	82,950
2021 Convertible Notes Payable \| Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Convertible notes payable	$ 100,000
Payment made for debt issuance cost	$ 3,000
2021 Convertible Notes Payable \| Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Principal amount						$ 100,000
Paid-in-kind interest rate						6.00%
AFG Convertible Notes
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Convertible notes payable		$ 18,139	$ 0
AFG Convertible Notes \| Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Principal amount				$ 13,750	$ 13,750
Paid-in-kind interest rate				26.50%	26500.00%

Notes Receivable, Net and Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) Consideration (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Receivables [Abstract]
Financing receivable, allowance for credit loss	$ 2	$ 2

- Definition

Amount of allowance for credit loss on financing receivable. Excludes allowance for financing receivable covered under loss sharing agreement.

+ References + Details

Notes Receivable, Net and Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) Consideration	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]
Notes Receivable, Net and Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) Consideration	Notes Receivable, Net and Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) Consideration Notes receivable primarily consist of amounts due to the Company related to the financing we offered to certain customers. The Company reports notes receivable at the principal balance outstanding less an allowance for losses. The estimate of credit losses is based on historical trends, customers’ financial condition and current economic trends. The Company charges interest at a fixed rate and calculates interest income by applying the effective rate to the outstanding principal balance. The Company had notes receivable, net of $863 outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts are included in other assets and other current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, the allowance for expected credit loss related to the notes receivable amounted to $2. The customer to whom the Company offers financing through notes receivables is a VIE. However, the Company is not the primary beneficiary, because the Company does not have power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impacts the VIE’s economic performance. Therefore, the VIE is not consolidated into the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The maximum loss exposure is limited to the carrying value of notes receivable as of the balances sheet dates.

Revenue Recognition - Revenue Recognition Table (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 16,378	$ 17,924
Product revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	16,151	17,429
Service revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 227	$ 495

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 924
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-4

+ Details

Fair Value Measurement

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurement

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, contract assets, accounts payable, warrants, convertible notes payable — related party, contract liabilities and long-term debt.

Accounting standards require financial assets and liabilities to be classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, contract assets, contract liabilities and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

The table below summarizes the fair values of certain liabilities that are included within the Company's accompanying consolidated balance sheets, and their designations among the three fair value measurement categories:


	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities
Warrants	$	—	$	55	$	27,406	$	—	$	78	$	—
Embedded derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	4,423	$	—	$	—	$	1,945

Warrants

The IPO warrants are classified as Level 2 financial instruments in the table above. They are valued on the basis of the quoted price of the Company’s public warrants, adjusted for insignificant difference between the public warrants and the private placement warrants.

The April 2023 warrants, May 2023 warrants, and the December 2023 warrants are classified as Level 3 financial instruments in the table above. The Company estimated the fair value of these warrants using the Black-Scholes model at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. This model incorporates inputs such as the stock price of the Company, risk-free interest rate, volatility, and time to expiration. The volatility involves unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The inputs used to determine the fair value of the April 2023 warrants, May 2023 warrants, and the December 2023 warrants are as follows:


April 2023 warrants	December 31, 2023			April 12, 2023
Time to expiration	4.79 years			5.51 years
Common stock price	$	1.09		$	2.61
Risk-free interest rate	3.8		%	3.4		%
Volatility	70.0		%	70.0		%

May 2023 warrants	December 31, 2023			May 15, 2023
Time to expiration	4.54 years			5.17 years
Common stock price	$	1.09		$	2.31
Risk-free interest rate	3.8		%	3.4		%
Volatility	70.0		%	70.0		%

December 2023 warrants	December 31, 2023			December 14, 2023
Time to expiration	4.96 years			5.00 years
Common stock price	$	1.09		$	1.32
Risk-free interest rate	3.8		%	3.9		%
Volatility	70.0		%	70.0		%

Embedded derivatives

The Company estimated the fair value of the embedded conversion features in the 2021 Convertible Note and AFG Convertible Note using a binomial lattice model at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. This model incorporates inputs such as the stock price of the Company, dividend yield, risk-free interest rate, the effective debt yield and expected volatility. The effective debt yield and volatility involve unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The inputs used to determine the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities are as follows:


2021 Convertible Note	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Term	2.50 years		3.50 years
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.1	%	4.1	%
Volatility	70.0	%	80.0	%
Effective debt yield	40.0	%	25.0	%

AFG Convertible Note	December 31, 2023		January 18, 2023
Term	2.50 years		3.45 years
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.1	%	3.6	%
Volatility	70.0	%	70.0	%
Effective debt yield	40.0	%	40.0	%

Level 3

The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of liabilities that are included within the Company’s accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are designated as Level 3:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Embedded derivatives
Balance at beginning of the period	$	1,945	$	12,359
Additions	30,619		466
Change in fair value of derivatives - related party	(28,141)		(10,880)
Balance at end of the period	$	4,423	$	1,945

Warrants
Balance at beginning of the period	$	—	$	—
Additions	55,330		—
Change in fair value of warrants	(27,924)		—
Balance at end of the period	$	27,406	$	—

The estimated fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets was as follows:


	Level in fair value hierarchy	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Notes receivable	3	$	863	$	719	$	863	$	677
2021 Convertible Notes*	3	94,386		57,998		82,950		62,421
Senior Secured Term Loan	3	85,624		61,360		81,616		77,576
AFG Convertible Notes*	3	18,139		18,352		—		—
Equipment financing facility	3	5,710		4,826		8,577		6,282
Yorkville Convertible Notes*	3	—		—		2,688		2,908
Total		$	204,722	$	143,255	$	176,694	$	149,864

*Includes the embedded derivative liabilities.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Overview	12 Months Ended
Overview	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Overview	Overview Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “Eos”) designs, develops, manufactures, and markets innovative energy storage solutions for utility-scale, microgrid, and commercial & industrial (“C&I”) applications. Eos developed a broad range of intellectual property with multiple patents covering unique battery chemistry, mechanical product design, energy block configuration and a software operating system (Battery Management System). The Company has only one operating and reportable segment. Liquidity and Going Concern As a growth company in the early commercialization stage of its lifecycle, Eos is subject to inherent risks and uncertainties associated with the development of an enterprise. In this regard, substantially all of the Company’s efforts to date have been devoted to the development and manufacturing of battery energy storage systems and complimentary products and services, recruitment of management and technical staff, deployment of capital to expand the Company’s operations to meet customer demand and raising capital to fund the Company’s development. As a result of these efforts, the Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception and expects to continue to incur such losses and negative cash flows for the foreseeable future until such time that the Company can reach a scale of profitability to sustain its operations. In order to execute its development strategy, the Company has historically relied on outside capital through the issuance of equity, debt, and borrowings under financing arrangements (collectively “outside capital”) to fund its cost structure and expects to continue to rely on outside capital for the foreseeable future. While the Company believes it will eventually reach a scale of profitability to sustain its operations, there can be no assurance the Company will be able to achieve such profitability or do so in a manner that does not require its continued reliance on outside capital. Moreover, while the Company has historically been successful in raising outside capital, there can be no assurance the Company will be able to continue to obtain outside capital in the future or do so on terms that are acceptable to the Company. As of the date the accompanying consolidated financial statements were issued (the “issuance date”), management evaluated the significance of the following negative financial conditions in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 205-40, Going Concern: •Since its inception, the Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash from operations in order to fund its development. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred a net loss of $229,506, incurred negative cash flows from operations of $145,018, and had an accumulated deficit of $875,846 as of December 31, 2023. •As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $69,473 of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents available to fund the Company’s operations, and working capital of $61,461, inclusive of $3,332 of outstanding debt that is currently scheduled to mature within the next twelve months. Additionally, the Company has no additional borrowings available under pre-existing financing arrangements to fund its operations (see Note 12, Borrowings). •The Company has available capacity under its ATM offering program to issue shares of the Company’s common stock, (see also Note 19, Shareholders’ Deficit) to aid in funding the Company’s operations. However, the Company’s ability to secure such funding is dependent upon certain conditions, such as investors’ willingness to purchase the Company’s common stock and at a price that is acceptable to the Company. Accordingly, as of the issuance date there is no assurance the Company will be able to secure funding under these pre-existing arrangements or on terms that are acceptable to the Company. •Similarly, while the Company has historically been successful in raising additional outside capital to fund the Company’s operations, as of the issuance date no assurance can be provided that the Company will be successful in obtaining additional outside capital or on terms that are acceptable to the Company. In this regard, the Company continues to progress through the Department of Energy (“DOE”) Loan Program Office's (“LPO”) process for its Title XVII loan. In August 2023, the DOE issued a conditional commitment letter to the Company for a loan of an aggregate principal amount up to $398,600 through the DOE's Clean Energy Financing Program. Certain technical, legal, and financial conditions must be met and due diligence to the satisfaction of the DOE must be completed before the DOE enters into definitive financing documents with the Company and funds the loan. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to secure such loan or on terms that are acceptable to the Company. •The Company is required to remain in compliance with a quarterly minimum financial liquidity covenant under its Senior Secured Term Loan. While the Company was in compliance with this covenant as of December 31, 2023, and expects to remain in compliance as of March 31, 2024, absent the Company’s ability to secure additional outside capital, the Company may be unable to remain in compliance with this covenant beginning on June 30, 2024 and thereafter. In the event the Company is unable to remain in compliance with the minimum financial liquidity covenant and the other nonfinancial covenants required by the Senior Secured Term Loan, and the Company is further unable to cure such noncompliance or secure a waiver, Atlas may, at its discretion, exercise any and all of its existing rights and remedies, which may include, among other things, entering into a forbearance agreement with the Company, and/or asserting its rights in the Company’s assets securing the loan. Moreover, the Company’s other lenders may exercise similar rights and remedies under the cross-default provisions of their respective borrowing arrangements with the Company. •Absent an ability to secure additional outside capital in the near term, the Company will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due over the next twelve months beyond the issuance date. •In the event the Company’s ongoing efforts to raise additional outside capital prove unsuccessful, management will be required to seek other strategic alternatives, which may include, among others, a significant curtailment in the Company’s operations, a sale of certain of the Company’s assets, a sale of the entire Company to strategic or financial investors, and/or allowing the Company to become insolvent. These uncertainties raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates that the Company will be able to realize assets and settle liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

Intangible Assets - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of capitalized computer software cost	$ 43
Capitalized Computer Software, Gross	138
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross patents value	$ 400
Patents useful lives	10 years
Patents amortization expenses	$ 40	$ 40
Software
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Patents useful lives	3 years

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses were as follows:


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued payroll	$	4,553	$	2,706
Warranty reserve (1)	6,197		3,836
Accrued legal and professional expenses	10,710		840
Provision for contract losses	3,351		2,561
Insurance premium payable, current (2)	2,605		2,607
Other	4,916		2,809
Total accrued expenses	$	32,332	$	15,359

(1) Refer to the table below for the warranty reserve activity.

(2) Refer to Note 12, Borrowings for additional information.

Schedule of Warranty Reserve Activity

The following table summarizes warranty reserve activity:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Warranty reserve - beginning of period	$	3,836	$	2,112
Additions for current year deliveries	811		2,460
Changes in the warranty reserve estimate	2,070		1,284
Warranty costs incurred	(520)		(2,020)
Warranty reserve - end of period	$	6,197	$	3,836

Fair Value Measurement - Schedule of Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	$ 203,859	$ 175,831
Carrying Value	204,722	176,694
Notes receivable
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	863	863
2021 Convertible Notes Payable
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	94,386	82,950
Senior Secured Term Loan
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	85,624	81,616
AFG Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	18,139	0
Equipment financing facility
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	5,710	8,577
Yorkville Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	0	2,688
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	143,255	149,864
Level 3 \| Notes receivable
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	719	677
Level 3 \| 2021 Convertible Notes Payable
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	57,998	62,421
Level 3 \| Senior Secured Term Loan
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	61,360	77,576
Level 3 \| AFG Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	18,352	0
Level 3 \| Equipment financing facility
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	4,826	6,282
Level 3 \| Yorkville Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 0	$ 2,908

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The Company follows accounting standards established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) to ensure consistent reporting of financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. References to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) in these notes are to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification™ (“ASC”) and related updates (“ASU”). The financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. Foreign Currency The Company follows the provisions of ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries use the local currency of their respective countries as their functional currency. The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The operating results of foreign operations are translated at weighted average exchange rates. The related translation gains or losses are reported as a separate component of shareholders’ (deficit) equity in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions, which were insignificant for years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, are included as other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Allowance for Expected Credit Losses The Company evaluates the creditworthiness of its customers. If the collection of any specific receivable is doubtful, an allowance is recorded in the allowance for expected credit losses. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the allowances for expected credit loss related to Accounts Receivable was $26 and $3, respectively. The Company also has an immaterial allowance related to its Notes Receivable, net, which is included in Other Assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. Embedded derivatives Some of our debt financings contain embedded derivatives, such as conversion features. The Company evaluates each debt agreement to determine whether the embedded derivative feature requires bifurcation from the host liability, in which case would require to be accounted for as a derivative liability. The Company uses valuation models to estimate the fair value of the embedded derivatives. The change in fair value of the embedded derivatives is presented separately on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Earnings (loss) Per Share In accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share, basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Other potentially dilutive common shares, and the related impact to earnings, are considered when calculating EPS on a diluted basis. See Note 19, Shareholders' Deficit for further information. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, contract assets, accounts payable, warrants, convertible notes payable — related party, contract liabilities and long-term debt. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, contract assets, contract liabilities and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement: Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 - Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Goodwill Goodwill consists of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment each year using a qualitative or quantitative process that is performed at least annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate a likely reduction in the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Prior to performing a quantitative evaluation, an assessment of qualitative factors may be performed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds the carrying value. If it is determined that it is unlikely that the carrying value exceeds the fair value, the Company is not required to complete the quantitative goodwill impairment evaluation. If it is determined that the carrying value may exceed fair value when considering qualitative factors, a quantitative goodwill impairment evaluation is performed. When performing the quantitative evaluation, if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss equal to the difference will be recorded. The Company completed the annual goodwill impairment test as of November 30, 2023, using a qualitative assessment for the reporting unit. The Company concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than the carrying amount, and a quantitative goodwill impairment test was not necessary. As a result of the annual assessment, there were no impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2023. Government Grants The Company recognizes a grant receivable once it is probable that (1) the Company is eligible to receive the grant and (2) the Company is able to comply with the relevant conditions of the grant. The grant money shall be recognized on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes the related expenses or losses for which the grant money is intended to compensate. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. An assessment is performed to determine whether the depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets over their remaining lives can be recovered through projected undiscounted future cash flows. The amount of any long-lived asset impairment is measured based on fair value and is charged to operations in the period in which a long-lived assets impairment is determined by management. Income Taxes and Deferred Taxes The Company complies with the accounting and reporting requirements of FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"). Income taxes are computed under the asset and liability method reflecting both current and deferred taxes, which reflect the tax impact of all events included in the financial statements. The balance sheet approach (i) reflects a current tax liability or asset recognized for estimated taxes payable or refundable on tax returns for the current and prior years, (ii) reflects a deferred tax liability or asset recognized for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences and carryforwards, (iii) measures current and deferred tax liabilities and assets using the enacted tax rate of which the effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not anticipated, and (iv) reduces deferred tax assets, if necessary, by the amount of any tax benefits that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized. ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets only to the extent that management concludes these assets are more-likely-than-not to be realized. Significant judgement is required in assessing and estimating the more-likely-than-not tax consequences of the events included in the financial statements. Management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as income tax expense. The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process in which (i) management determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained on the technical merits of the position and (ii) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. Intangible Assets, net Intangible assets are stated at their historical cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their expected useful lives. Inventory, net Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard cost which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company records inventory when it takes delivery and title to the product according to the terms of each supply contract. The Company evaluates its ending inventories for excess quantities and obsolescence. A valuation allowance is recorded for inventories that management considers excess or obsolete. Management considers forecasted demand in relation to the inventory on hand, competitiveness of product offerings, market conditions and product life cycles when determining excess and obsolescence and net realizable value adjustments. Once inventory is written down and a new cost basis is established, it is not written back up if demand increases. Leases The Company accounts for its leases under ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASC 842”). Under ASC 842, the right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The discount rate used to calculate the present value represents our incremental borrowing rate and is calculated based on the treasury yield curve that is commensurate with the term of each lease, and a spread representative of our borrowing costs. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Leases may be classified as either operating leases or finance leases. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are excluded from the scope of ROU assets and liabilities, as allowed by ASC 842. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. The Company has elected the practical expedient to account for non-lease components as part of the lease component for all asset classes. The majority of the Company's lease agreements are real estate leases. Property, Plant and Equipment, net Equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the improvements or the life of the lease. Maintenance and repair expenditures are expensed as incurred. Expenditures which significantly improve or extend the life of an asset are capitalized. Construction in Progress Included in property, plant, and equipment is construction in progress. Costs related to the design, development, and construction of large capital projects are accumulated in construction in progress until the project is complete. A construction project is considered substantially complete upon the cessation of construction and development activities. Once the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use these costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the asset's estimated useful life. A portion of construction in progress also includes capitalized interest. Interest costs incurred during construction of large capital projects are capitalized as construction in progress until the underlying asset is ready for its intended use, at which point the interest costs are amortized as depreciation expense over the life of the underlying asset. Interest is capitalized using a weighted average effective interest rate applicable to borrowings outstanding during the period to which it is applied. Research and Development Expenses Research and development costs are expensed as incurred, which include materials, supplies, salaries, benefits and other costs related to research, development and testing of products. Revenue Recognition Revenue is earned from the sales, installation, and commissioning of BESS, the terms of which are dictated by supply agreements the Company enters into with its customers. Revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods and/or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods and/or services to the customer. As most contracts contain multiple goods delivered to the customer at different times, the transaction price is allocated to each good based on the relative standalone selling price and revenue is recognized when or as the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company uses either the expected cost-plus margin approach or adjusted market assessment approach to estimate the standalone selling prices of its goods and services. Product Revenue Product revenue is comprised of revenue from the BESS, along with other products, including inverters and spare parts, and is recognized at the point in time at which control passes, the determination of which is made in accordance with ASC 606, based on indicators of control. Generally, passage of control will be determined based upon the shipping terms, which vary by contract. Many of the Company’s contracts with customers contain some component of variable consideration. The Company estimates variable consideration, such as refunds, penalties including liquidated damages, and the customer’s right to return, using the expected value method, and adjusts transaction price for its estimate of variable consideration. We update our estimates of variable consideration and adjust the transaction price accordingly by recording an adjustment to net revenue and refund liability with respect to variable consideration such as penalties, refunds, and credits to customers. The Company has concluded that its estimation of variable consideration results in an adjustment to the transaction price such that it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue would not occur in the future. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of goods sold. Sales tax collected from customers are recorded on a net basis and therefore, not included in revenue. Sales tax is recorded as a liability (payable) until remitted to governmental authorities. Service Revenue Service revenue includes commissioning, installation and engineering, procurement and construction revenue. As the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company’s performance, these performance obligations are satisfied over time. The Company uses an input method to measure progress towards satisfaction. If at any time management determines that in the case of a particular contract total costs will exceed total contract revenue, a provision for the entire anticipated contract loss is recorded at that time. Warranty related revenue In addition to a standard two-year limited warranty against defects, the Company offers customers the option to purchase an extended warranty, a maintenance and monitoring service and/or a performance guarantee. As the standard two-year limited warranty is classified as an assurance-type warranty, based on criteria set forth in ASC 606, it is not accounted for as a separate performance obligation. The extended warranty, maintenance and monitoring service warranty and performance guarantee, however, represent distinct services and are accounted for as separate performance obligations based on a time-lapsed measure of progress resulting in a ratable recognition of revenue over the respective performance period. For these performance obligations, at any time if management determines that in the case of a particular warranty that total costs will exceed total warranty revenue, a provision for the entire anticipated warranty loss is recorded at that time and included in warranty liability on the consolidated balance sheets. Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities The Company recognizes contract assets for certain contracts in which revenue recognition performance obligations have been satisfied, however invoicing to the customer has not yet occurred. Contract liabilities primarily relate to advance consideration received from customers in advance of the Company’s satisfying performance obligations under contractual arrangements. Contract balances are reported in a net contract asset or liability position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Payment terms are generally aligned with meeting various contractual milestones, beginning with purchase order execution and extending through manufacturing release, ready to ship, delivery and commissioning. Practical Expedients and Exemptions As permitted by ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), the Company elected to use certain practical expedients. The Company treats costs associated with obtaining new contracts as expenses when incurred if the amortization period of the asset recognized by the Company is one year or less. Segments The Company’s chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) is its Chief Executive Officer and President. Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the CODM in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance. As such, the Company has determined that it operates in one operating and one reportable segment. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation is estimated at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period of the award. For stock option awards, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value. For restricted stock units awards ("RSU") the Company uses the Company's stock price on date of grant to estimate fair value. The Company recognizes compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the award vesting period. Stock options generally have a term of five to ten years and vest over periods ranging from three months to two years. Restricted Stock Units ("RSU") generally vest over periods from one to three years. For awards with performance conditions, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis based on management’s estimation of achievement of performance conditions. The estimated performance conditions primarily relate to achievement of sales and financing targets. The Company recognizes forfeitures as incurred. Warranty liability Warranty obligations are incurred in connection with the sale of the Company’s products. Costs to provide for warranty obligations are estimated and recorded as a liability at the time of recording the sale. Warranty reserves include management’s best estimate of the projected costs to repair or to replace any items under warranty, which is based on various factors, including the use of actual claim data to date, results of lab testing, factory quality data, and field monitoring. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Agreements - Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. This amendment will impact various disclosure areas, including the statement of cash flows, accounting changes and error corrections, earnings per share, debt, equity, derivatives, and transfers of financial assets. The amendments in this ASU 2023-06 will be effective on the date the related disclosures are removed from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K by the SEC, and will no longer be effective if the SEC has not removed the applicable disclosure requirement by June 30, 2027. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact this amendment could have on its disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB released ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires additional disclosures related to the effective tax rate reconciliation and taxes paid. The amendment is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and the Company is currently evaluating the impact on its financial statements and related disclosures. There were no other accounting standards or updates during the year ended December 31, 2023 that had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Restricted cash - current consists of escrow deposits related to U.S. Custom Bonds insurance and escrow deposits related to our credit card program agreements.

Long-term restricted cash relates to interest that is required to be held in escrow per the Senior Secured Term Loan Agreement in an amount equal to the next four quarterly interest payments owed as of the balance sheet date (see Note 12, Borrowings for further discussion).

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the accompanying consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows consisted of the following:


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	69,473	$	17,076
Restricted cash - current	3,439		2,725
Long-term restricted cash	11,755		11,422
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	84,667	$	31,223

Shareholders' Deficit

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Shareholders' Deficit

Preferred Shares

The Company is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s board of directors. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 300,000,000 shares of common stock at $0.0001 par value. The holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 199,133,827 and 82,653,781 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

Treasury Stock

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded treasury stock of $633 and $978 for shares withheld from employees to cover the payroll tax liability of RSUs vested, respectively. The treasury stock was immediately retired.

Public Warrants

In 2020, the Company issued public and private warrants to purchase 9,075,000 shares of the Company's common stock. Each public warrant entitles the holder to purchase a share of common stock at a price of $11.50 per share. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, 0 and 600 public warrants were exercised, respectively. On December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 7,052,254 and 7,001,654 public warrants outstanding, respectively. See Note 13, Warrants Liability for private warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

April 2023 Transaction and May 2023 Transaction

As discussed in Note 13, Warrants Liability, the April 2023 Transaction consisted of issuance of 16,000,000 shares of common stock at a price of $2.50 per share. The Company also issued 16,000,000 private placement warrants to purchase 16,000,000 shares of common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $3.14 per share, became exercisable in October 2023 and expire five and one-half years from the date of issuance (see Note 13, Warrants Liability for further discussion).

The May 2023 Transaction consisted of issuance of 3,601,980 shares of common stock at a price of $2.221 per share. The Company also issued 3,601,980 private placement warrants to purchase 3,601,980 shares of common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $2.50 per share, and became exercisable in July 2023. The warrants expire five years from the date they were initially exercisable (see Note 13, Warrants Liability for further discussion).

The gross proceeds to the Company from the April and May Transactions were $40,000 and $8,000, respectively, before deducting underwriting fees.

December 2023 Public Offering

In December 2023, the Company issued in a combined public offering (i) 34,482,759 shares of its common stock and (ii) accompanying common warrants to purchase one share of common stock for each share of common stock sold. The gross proceeds to the Company from the offering were $50,000, before deducting underwriting fees. The offering price for each share of common stock and accompanying warrant was $1.45. Each warrant has an exercise price of $1.60 per share, is immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the original issuance date (see Note 13, Warrants Liability for further discussion).

Standby Equity Purchase Agreement

On April 28, 2022, the Company entered into the SEPA with Yorkville. Pursuant to the SEPA, as amended, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Yorkville up to $75,000 of shares of its common stock at the Company’s request at any time during the commitment period, which commenced on April 28, 2022 and will end on the earlier of (i) May 1, 2024, or (ii) the date on which Yorkville shall have made payment of advances requested by the Company totaling up to the commitment amount of $75,000. Each sale the Company requests under the SEPA (an “Advance”) may be for a number of shares of common stock with an aggregate value of up to $20,000. The SEPA provides for shares to be sold to Yorkville at 97.0% of market price. Pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the SEPA, 465,117 shares were issued to Yorkville in April 2022 as consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of common stock. The fair value of these shares of $1,061 was recorded as other expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2022.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, total funds raised under the SEPA, inclusive of proceeds received from the 2023 Promissory Notes, were $35,550. Total shares issued under the SEPA for the year ended December 31, 2023 were 23,630,937.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, total funds raised under the SEPA, inclusive of proceeds received from the December 2022 Promissory Note, were $14,500. Total shares issued under the SEPA for the year ended December 31, 2022 were 7,361,602.

On August 23, 2023, the Company and Yorkville terminated the SEPA, as amended, by mutual written consent. At the time of termination, there were no outstanding borrowings, advance notices or shares of Common Stock to be issued under the SEPA. In addition, there were no fees due by the Company or Yorkville in connection with the termination of the SEPA.

At-the-Market Offering Program

On August 5, 2022, the Company entered into the Sales Agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC, with respect to an at-the-market offering program under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000 (the “Placement Shares”) through Cowen as its sales agent and/or principal. On August 23, 2023, Amendment No. 1 to the ATM increased the maximum aggregate offering price from $100,000 to $200,000.

The Company will pay Cowen a commission equal to 3.0% of the gross sales proceeds of any Placement Shares sold. The Company will also reimburse Cowen for certain expenses incurred in connection with the Sales Agreement. The Sales Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the sale of all Placement Shares subject to the Sales Agreement or (ii) termination of the Sales Agreement in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth therein.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold 37,126,137 shares raising net proceeds of $92,916, net of fees paid to Cowen, at an average selling price of $2.58 per share, included in the consolidated statement of shareholders' equity.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold 20,539,603 shares raising net proceeds of $38,626, net of fees paid to Cowen, at an average selling price of $1.94 per share, included in the consolidated statement of shareholders' equity.

Earnings (loss) Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Other potentially dilutive common shares, and the related impact to earnings, are considered when calculating EPS on a diluted basis. As the Company incurred a net loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the potential dilutive shares from stock options, restricted stock units, warrants, and convertible redeemable notes were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented. Therefore, basic and diluted EPS are computed using the same number of weighted average shares for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2023	2022
Stock options and restricted stock units	9,675,085	7,340,702
Warrants	61,411,393	7,326,654
Convertible Notes	16,226,124	7,422,371

- Definition

The entire disclosure for equity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(e)(1))
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//505/tableOfContent

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (i)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense of Intangible Assets

Estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:


	Amortization Expense
2024	$	86
2025	86
2026	43
2027	40
2028	40
	$	295

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Restricted Stock Units (RSU) (Details) - Restricted stock units - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Units
Beginning balance (in shares)	2,995,890	2,194,756
Granted in period (in shares)	4,804,057	2,557,263
Cancelled/Forfeited in period (in shares)	(898,525)	(1,051,951)
Vested in period (in shares)	(1,453,964)	(704,178)
Ending balance (in shares)	5,447,458	2,995,890
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Beginning outstanding balance (in usd per share)	$ 7.89	$ 16.36
Granted (in usd per share)	3.42	2.87
Cancelled/Forfeited (in usd per share)	4.86	8.55
Vested (in usd per share)	7.39	15.02
Ending outstanding balance (in usd per share)	$ 4.58	$ 7.89

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Allowances for doubtful accounts \| $	$ 26,000	$ 3,000
Impairment charges \| $	$ 0
Term of limited warranty against defects	2 years
Number of operating segments \| segment	1
Number of reportable segments \| segment	1
Minimum \| Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options term	5 years
Vesting term	3 months
Minimum \| Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting term	1 year
Maximum \| Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options term	10 years
Vesting term	2 years
Maximum \| Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting term	3 years

Government Grants	12 Months Ended
Government Grants	Dec. 31, 2023
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Government Grants	Government Grants California Energy Commission From time-to-time, the Company has entered into grant agreements with the California Energy Commission (“CEC”) for conducting studies to demonstrate the benefits of certain energy-saving technologies to utility companies and consumers in the State of California. Under such agreements, the Company is entitled to receive reimbursement of costs incurred by the Company covered by the grants. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had grant receivables in the amounts of $0 and $263 from the CEC recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, respectively. There was no deferred grant income as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Related expenses incurred by the Company are offset against grant income earned or received from the CEC. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, grant (income) expense, net was $0 and $(16), respectively related to the CEC. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”) On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 into law. The IRA has significant economic incentives for both energy storage customers and manufacturers for projects placed in service after December 31, 2022. Starting in 2023, there are Production Tax Credits under Internal Revenue Code 45X (“PTC”), that can be claimed on battery components manufactured in the U.S. and sold to U.S. or foreign customers. These tax credits available to manufacturers include a credit for ten percent of the cost incurred to make electrode active materials in addition to credits of $35 per kWh of capacity of battery cells and $10 per kWh of capacity of battery modules. These credits are cumulative, meaning that companies will be able to claim each of the available tax credits based on the battery components produced and sold through 2029, after which the PTC will begin to gradually phase down through 2032. In June 2023, the IRS issued temporary and proposed regulations related to applicable tax credit transferability and direct pay provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act. The Company has reviewed these regulations and believes they do not have a material impact on the financial statements. Since the PTC is a refundable credit (i.e., a credit with a direct-pay option available), the PTC is outside the scope of ASC 740. Therefore, the Company accounts for the PTC under a government grant model. GAAP does not address the accounting for government grants received by a business entity that are outside the scope of ASC 740. The Company’s accounting policy is to analogize to IAS 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, under IFRS Accounting Standards. Under IAS 20, once it is reasonably assured that the entity will comply with the conditions of the grant, the grant money should be recognized on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes the related expenses or losses for which the grant money is intended to compensate. The Company recognizes grants once it is probable that both of the following conditions will be met: (1) the Company is eligible to receive the grant and (2) the Company is able to comply with the relevant conditions of the grant. The PTC is recorded as the applicable items become finished goods and the conditions in the preceding paragraph are met. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized PTC of $3,256 as a reduction of cost of goods sold on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2023, grant receivable related to the PTC of $3,256 is recorded in the consolidated balance sheets.

Shareholders' Deficit - Narrative (Details)			1 Months Ended			6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Shareholders' Deficit - Narrative (Details)	Aug. 05, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares	Apr. 28, 2022 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) vote $ / shares shares	May 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Apr. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2023 shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Aug. 23, 2023 USD ($)	Aug. 22, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 18, 2023 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2021 shares	Dec. 31, 2020 shares	May 22, 2020 $ / shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)			1,000,000				1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)			0				0	0
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)			0				0	0
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)			300,000,000				300,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001				$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001			$ 0.0001
Number of votes for each share \| vote			1				1
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)			199,133,827				199,133,827	82,653,781
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)			199,133,827				199,133,827	82,653,781
Treasury stock \| $							$ 633,000	$ 978,000
Warrant outstanding (in shares)			54,359,139				54,359,139	325,000
Convertible Notes
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Issue and sale of shares (in shares)						20,993,417	23,630,937	7,361,602
SEPA
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Authorized value of stock to be sold \| $		$ 75,000,000
Each sale aggregate value \| $		$ 20,000,000
Share price as percentage of market price		97.00%
Commitment fee for SEPA settled by common stock (in shares)		465,117
Commitment fee for SEPA settled by common stock \| $								$ 1,061,000
Funds raised under the ATM \| $							$ 35,550,000	$ 14,500,000
ATM
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Offering price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares			$ 2.58				$ 2.58	$ 1.94
Authorized value of stock to be sold \| $	$ 100,000,000
Funds raised under the ATM \| $							$ 38,626,000	$ 92,916,000
Aggregate Offering Price \| $									$ 200,000	$ 100,000
Commission on gross sale proceeds	3.00%
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)							37,126,137	20,539,603
Public and Private Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)													9,075,000
Public Warrant
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Price of common stock to be purchased through warrants (in usd per share) \| $ / shares														$ 11.50
Warrant outstanding (in shares)			7,052,254				7,052,254	7,001,654
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)			199,133,827				199,133,827	82,653,781				53,786,632
Exercise of warrants (in shares)								600
Issuance of common stock under ATM program (in shares)							114,841,813	27,901,205
Commitment fee for SEPA settled by common stock (in shares)							465,117
Common Stock \| April 2023 warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)					16,000,000
Price of common stock to be purchased through warrants (in usd per share) \| $ / shares					$ 3.14
Warrant issuance price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares					$ 2.50
Time to expiration					5 years 6 months
Proceeds from issuance of equity transactions \| $					$ 40,000,000
Common Stock \| April 2023 warrants \| Related Party
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in shares)			16,000,000				16,000,000	0
Common Stock \| May 2023 warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)				3,601,980
Price of common stock to be purchased through warrants (in usd per share) \| $ / shares				$ 2.50
Warrant issuance price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares				$ 2.221
Time to expiration				5 years
Proceeds from issuance of equity transactions \| $				$ 8,000,000
Common Stock \| May 2023 warrants \| Related Party
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)				3,601,980
Warrant outstanding (in shares)			3,601,980				3,601,980	0
Proceeds from issuance of equity transactions \| $				$ 8,000,000
Issuance of common stock under ATM program (in shares)				3,601,980
Common Stock \| December 2023 warrants \| Related Party
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Price of common stock to be purchased through warrants (in usd per share) \| $ / shares			$ 1.60				$ 1.60
Warrant outstanding (in shares)			34,482,759				34,482,759	0
Proceeds from issuance of warrants \| $			$ 50,000,000
Issuance of common stock under ATM program (in shares)			34,482,759
Common stock to be purchased through each warrant (in shares)			1				1
Common Stock \| Public Warrant
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise of warrants (in shares)							0	600

Overview (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Overview (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Number of operating segments \| segment	1
Number of reportable segments \| segment	1
Net loss	$ 229,506	$ 229,813
Net cash used in operating activities	145,018	196,857
Accumulated deficit	875,846	646,340
Cash and cash equivalents	69,473	$ 17,076
Working capital	61,461
Outstanding debt	$ 3,332
DOE Clean Energy Financing Program \| Notes Payable
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount			$ 398,600

Borrowings - Narrative (Details)				1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Borrowings - Narrative (Details)	Jan. 18, 2023 USD ($) trading_day $ / shares	Jul. 29, 2022 USD ($) interest_payment	Jul. 06, 2021 USD ($) trading_day $ / shares	Jan. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2023 promissoryNote shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 29, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 05, 2022 $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loss on debt extinguishment						$ 3,510,000	$ 942,000
Outstanding amounts						$ 238,962,000	$ 219,744,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001					$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001				$ 0.0001
Carrying Value						$ 203,859,000	$ 175,831,000
Long-term debt, current						3,332,000	2,872,000
Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding amounts						0
Senior Secured Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Carrying Value						85,624,000	81,616,000
Equipment financing facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Carrying Value						5,710,000	8,577,000
Non-cash interest expense						1,111,000	922,000
Remaining borrowing capacity								$ 13,784,000
Long-term line of credit						5,710,000	8,577,000
Long-term debt, current						3,332,000	2,872,000
Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Issuance of convertible notes for interest paid-in-kind						36,903,000	10,899,000
Related Party \| AFG Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Carrying Value						16,623,000
Non-cash interest expense						2,873,000
Nonrelated Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Issuance of convertible notes for interest paid-in-kind						$ 4,972,000	$ 1,886,000
Nonrelated Party \| Senior Secured Term Loan \| Minimum \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate spread		0.2616%
Nonrelated Party \| Senior Secured Term Loan \| Minimum \| Federal Reserve Bank of New York Financing Rate (NYFRB)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate spread		0.50%
Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Issue and sale of shares (in shares) \| shares					20,993,417	23,630,937	7,361,602
Convertible Notes \| Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount									$ 2,000,000
Issue and sale of shares (in shares) \| shares				1,953,612
Outstanding amounts						$ 0	$ 2,000,000
Carrying Value						0	2,688,000
Convertible Notes \| Embedded Derivatives - Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes - Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on embedded derivative, net and change member under debt instrument to yorkville convertible promissory note						6,922,000
Convertible Notes \| 2021 Convertible Notes Payable
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding amounts						115,815,000	109,167,000
Carrying Value						$ 94,386,000	$ 82,950,000
Effective interest rate						40.00%	25.00%
Convertible Notes \| AFG Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion price per unit (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.67
Percentage of stock price	130.00%
Threshold trading days \| trading_day	20
Consecutive trading days \| trading_day	30
Effective interest rate	40.00%					40.00%
Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount						$ 35,000,000
Number of additional promissory notes issued \| promissoryNote					3
Convertible Notes \| Related Party \| Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amortization of debt discount						17,571,000
Loss on debt extinguishment						3,510,000
Convertible Notes \| Related Party \| 2021 Convertible Notes Payable
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount			$ 100,000,000
Amortization of debt discount						5,237,000	$ 3,588,000
Outstanding amounts						115,815,000	109,167,000
Debt instruments, coupon rate			5.00%
Paid-in-kind interest rate			6.00%
Conversion ratio			49.9910
Conversion price per unit (in usd per share) \| $ / shares			$ 20
Percentage of stock price			130.00%
Threshold trading days \| trading_day			20
Consecutive trading days \| trading_day			30
Redemption percentage			100.00%
Original issue discount			0.50%
Gain (loss) on beneficial conversion feature						840,000	11,488,000
Issuance of convertible notes for interest paid-in-kind						6,648,000
Carrying Value						94,386,000	82,950,000
Non-cash interest expense						12,393,000	10,243,000
Convertible Notes \| Related Party \| AFG Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 13,750,000			$ 13,750,000
Amortization of debt discount						743,000
Outstanding amounts						17,429,000
Paid-in-kind interest rate	26500.00%			26.50%
Redemption percentage	100.00%
Carrying Value						18,139,000
Non-cash interest expense						4,631,000
Convertible Notes \| Nonrelated Party \| AFG Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Issuance of convertible notes for interest paid-in-kind						3,679,000
Gain on derivative embedded						2,106,000
Secured Debt \| Senior Secured Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding amounts						100,000,000	100,000,000
Carrying Value						85,624,000	81,616,000
Number of immediately following interest payment required to be escrowed \| interest_payment		4
Secured Debt \| Nonrelated Party \| Senior Secured Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount		$ 100,000,000
Amortization of debt discount						407,000	142,000
Outstanding amounts						100,000,000	100,000,000
Carrying Value						85,624,000	81,616,000
Non-cash interest expense						17,951,000	6,349,000
Number of days prior to current maturity date		91 days
Minimum prepayment amount		$ 500,000
Repayment applicable treasury rate		0.50%
Escrowed interest						$ 11,755,000
SOFR Loans \| Senior Secured Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Effective interest rate						14.15%
SOFR Loans \| Nonrelated Party \| Senior Secured Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate spread		8.50%
ABR Loans \| Nonrelated Party \| Senior Secured Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instruments, coupon rate		7.50%
Line of Credit \| Equipment financing facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding amounts						$ 5,718,000	8,577,000
Carrying Value						$ 5,710,000	$ 8,577,000
Effective interest rate										16.20%		14.30%
Maximum borrowing capacity										$ 25,000

Commitment and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	Feb. 01, 2024 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Aug. 01, 2023 officer	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of officers named as defendants in the Houck Complaint \| officer			3
Subsequent Event
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Settlement, amount awarded to other party	$ 8,500
Payments for legal settlements		$ 1,000
Litigation settlement amount funded by liability insurance policies	$ 7,500
Minimum Volume Commitment
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Non-cancellable purchase commitment				$ 113

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2023
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	Deloitte & Touche LLP
Auditor Location	New York, NY
Auditor Firm ID	34

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party Transactions 2021 Convertible Notes Payable In July 2021, the Company issued $100,000 aggregate principal amount of convertible notes to Spring Creek Capital, LLC, a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of Koch Industries, Inc., (the “2021 Convertible Notes”). In connection with these 2021 Convertible Notes, the Company paid $3,000 to B. Riley Securities, Inc., a related party, who acted as a placement agent. Refer to Note 12, Borrowings, for additional information. AFG Convertible Notes In January 2023, the Company issued and sold $13,750 of 26.5% Convertible Senior PIK Notes due 2026 (“AFG Convertible Notes”) to Great American Insurance Company, Ardsley Partners Renewable Energy, LP, CCI SPV III, LP, Denman Street LLC, John B. Bending Irrevocable Children’s Trust, John B. Berding, and AE Convert, LLC (together, the “Purchasers”). AE Convert LLC, a Delaware limited liability company is managed by Russell Stidolph, a related party as Mr. Stidolph is a director of the Company. In connection with the issuance and sale of the AFG Convertible Notes, the Company entered into an investment agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with the Purchasers. Refer to Note 12, Borrowings, for additional information. Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (SEPA) On April 28, 2022, the Company entered into the SEPA under which the Company had the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Yorkville shares of its common stock at the Company’s request. On August 23, 2023, the Company and Yorkville terminated the SEPA, as amended, by mutual written consent. See Note 12, Borrowings for pre-advance loans in form of convertible promissory notes and Note 19, Shareholders' Deficit for additional information.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Weighted Average Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Volatility	62.60%	61.36%
Risk free interest rate	4.07%	3.27%
Expected life (years)	3 years	4 years 8 months 1 day
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%

Leases - Schedule of Lease assets and lease liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	$ 4,033	$ 4,316
Finance lease assets	209	153
Total lease assets	4,242	4,469
Liabilities
Operating lease liability, current	1,496	1,106
Finance lease liability	100	32
Operating lease liability	3,350	4,130
Finance lease liability	88	126
Present value of minimum lease payments	$ 5,034	$ 5,394
Finance lease, liability, current, statement of financial position [extensible enumeration]	Property, plant and equipment, net	Property, plant and equipment, net
Finance lease, liability, current, statement of financial position [extensible enumeration]	Other current liabilities	Other current liabilities
Finance lease, liability, noncurrent, statement of financial position [extensible enumeration]	Other liabilities	Other liabilities

Shareholders' Deficit - Anti-dilutive Securities (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Stock options and restricted stock units
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share (in shares)	9,675,085	7,340,702
Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share (in shares)	61,411,393	7,326,654
Convertible Notes
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share (in shares)	16,226,124	7,422,371

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

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+ Details

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

The Company is subject to U.S., Italy and India tax laws, regulations and policies. Changes to these laws or regulations may affect the Company’s tax liability, return on investments and business operations.

Earnings before income taxes

Net income (losses) before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2023		2022
U.S.	$	(229,585)	$	(229,923)
Non-U.S.	110		161
Total income (loss) before income tax	$	(229,475)	$	(229,762)

Income expense (benefit)

Income tax expense (benefit) was as follows:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Current expense (benefit):
U.S. federal	$	—	$	—
U.S. state and local	—		—
Non-U.S.	31		51
Total current income tax (benefit) provision	$	31	$	51
Deferred expense (benefit):
U.S. federal	$	—	$	—
U.S. state and local	—		—
Non-U.S.	—		—
Total deferred income tax (benefit) provision	—		—
Total income tax (benefit) provision	$	31	$	51

The Company has a tax provision of $31 and $51 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, due to foreign taxable income and the generation of U.S. taxable losses offset by a valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets.

Reconciliation of U.S. Federal Statutory income tax rate to actual income tax rate

The reconciliation from the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to the effective tax rate is as follows:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(229,475)	$	(229,762)

Statutory U.S. federal income tax (21%)	(48,190)		(48,250)
State and local income tax	330		(12,051)
Income taxed at rates other than statutory	8		17
Non-deductible convertible debt	8,420		(2,220)
Non-deductible warrant cost	(5)		(178)
Stock-based compensation	1,687		1,622
Non-deductible officers compensation	2,580		—
Valuation allowance	34,821		60,444
Other	380		667
Total income tax expense	$	31	$	51
Effective tax rate	—		—

The reported income tax provision differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% to the income before income taxes primarily due to pretax losses in the U.S. for which no tax benefit has been provided, non-deductible convertible debt, as well as stock-based compensation.

Deferred Income Taxes

The Company records deferred income taxes to reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences, if any, between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Deferred tax assets:
NOL carryforwards	$	152,380	$	121,142
Capital loss carryforwards	235		235
Tax credit carryforwards	65		65
Goodwill	6,735		7,427
Capitalized research & experimental costs	8,213		3,952
Stock-based compensation	3,819		4,819
Accruals and reserves	2,503		1,678
Organizational costs	124		140
Lease liability	1,309		1,413
Fixed assets	268		316

Inventory	977		663
Transaction costs	244		266
Deferred tax assets, gross	$	176,872	$	142,116
Valuation allowance	(175,680)		(140,858)
Total deferred tax assets, net	$	1,192	$	1,258
Deferred tax liabilities:

Right of use asset	(1,144)		(1,194)

Intangibles	(41)		(63)
Other	(7)		(1)
Deferred tax liabilities	(1,192)		(1,258)
Total deferred tax asset (liability)	$	—	$	—

The Tax Cuts & Jobs Act of 2017 ("TCJA") mandated that R&E costs incurred in tax years beginning after December 31, 2021 must be capitalized and amortized over five years if the research is performed in the United States and over 15 years if performed outside the United States. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company has capitalized and will amortize these costs over the required periods.

The Company maintains a valuation allowance where it is more-likely-than-not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset may not be realized. Changes in the valuation allowance are included in the Company’s income tax provision in the period of change. In determining whether a valuation allowance is required, the Company evaluates factors such as prior earnings history, expected future earnings, reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, carry back and carry forward periods and tax planning strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of the realization of a deferred tax asset. The Company has determined that it is more-likely-than-not that it will not be able to utilize its U.S. deferred tax assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 due to a history of cumulative losses. As such, the Company has a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets.

The valuation allowance increased by $34,822 between December 31, 2023 and 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in NOL carryforwards. At December 31, 2023, the valuation allowance is $175,680, of which $1,762 would be allocated to additional paid-in capital if released. The remaining valuation allowance of $173,918 would be released through continuing operations.

Net Operating Losses & Tax Credits

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has federal research and development tax credits (“R&D credit”) of approximately $3,733 for both years, which begin to expire in varying amounts from 2031 – 2038, subject to the annual limitation described below. In addition, the Company has state R&D credits of approximately $65 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, which will expire in 2024.

The Company has NOL carryforwards for tax purposes and other deferred tax assets that are available to offset future taxable income, subject to the annual limitation described below.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has gross federal NOL carryforwards of approximately $638,507 and $485,351, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has state NOL carryforwards of $228,333 and $235,679, respectively. Regarding the federal NOL for the year ended December 31, 2023, $89,051 begins to expire in varying amounts from 2032 through 2036, while $549,456 has an indefinite carryforward period. Regarding the state NOL carryforwards for the year ended December 31, 2023, $222,764 begins to expire in varying amounts from 2033 through 2043, while $5,569 has an indefinite carryforward period. The U.S. (federal and state) operating loss carryforwards and credits may be subject to an annual limitation due to the “change in ownership” provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, and similar state provisions. In 2020, the Company determined that the merger transaction constitutes a change of ownership as defined under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 and Section 383. Based on management’s Section 382 Limitation Analysis, it is expected that all NOL carryforwards that existed as of the transaction date will be allowable under Section 382. Subsequent changes in ownership could have occurred through December 31, 2023, which could further severely limit the use of losses. Management believes such limitation will not have a material adverse effect on the financial statements as the Company is currently in a net loss position, and the deferred tax asset on the Company’s NOL carryforward is offset by a full valuation allowance. Management will further evaluate the impact, if any, on the allowable net operating loss carryforward. Based on management’s Section 383 Limitation Analysis, it is expected that as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $3,733 of federal R&D credits will expire unused.

On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 into law. There are two major corporate tax provisions included in the Act. In general, the IRA creates a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax (“CAMT”) on any corporation that has (or has had) average annual “adjusted financial statement income” for a three-year period preceding the tax year that exceeds $1 billion. The CAMT is effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. The IRA also imposes on publicly traded U.S. corporations a 1% excise tax on certain repurchases of their stock. The excise tax is effective for stock repurchases after December 31, 2022. The Company does not expect the aforementioned provisions in the IRA to have any material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In addition to the CAMT discussed above, the IRA has production tax credits that are discussed in Note 10, Government Grants.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States (federal and state), India, and Italy. Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s tax positions and determining the Company’s provision for income taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company records a liability for uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process in which (i) management determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained on the technical merits of the position and (ii) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.

The Company has unrecognized tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 as follows:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of January 1	$	685	$	719
Additions:
Current year tax positions	—		—
Prior year tax positions	—		—
Rate change	(5)		(34)
Settlements	—		—
Lapse of statute of limitations	—		—
Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31	$	680	$	685

The total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $680 and $685 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in gross unrecognized tax benefits in 2023 was due to a change in state deferred tax rate.

Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2023 are potential benefits of nil that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate on income from continuing operations. The open tax years for federal returns are 2020 and forward, and the open tax years for state returns are generally 2019 and forward. Net operating losses and R&D credits generated in closed years and utilized in open years are subject to adjustment by the tax authorities. The Company is not currently under examination by any taxing jurisdiction.

The Company regularly assesses the adequacy of its provision for income tax contingencies in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. As a result, the Company may adjust the reserves for unrecognized tax benefits for the impact of new facts and developments, such as changes to interpretation of relevant tax law, assessments from taxing authorities, settlements with tax authorities and lapses of statute of limitations.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

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+ Details

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Accumulated Deficit
Beginning balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		53,786,632
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 32,447	$ 5	$ 448,969	$ 0	$ (416,527)
Increase (decrease) in stockholders' equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	13,794		13,794
Exercise of warrants (in shares)		600
Exercise of warrants	7		7
Release of restricted stock units (in shares)		704,178
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding (in shares)		(203,951)
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding	(978)		(978)
Issuance of common stock (in shares)		27,901,205
Issuance of common stock	50,765	$ 4	50,761
Commitment fee for SEPA settled by common stock	1,061		1,061
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	6			6
Net loss	$ (229,813)				(229,813)
Ending balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	82,653,781	82,653,781
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ (132,711)	$ 9	513,614	6	(646,340)
Increase (decrease) in stockholders' equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	$ 14,057		14,057
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	262,500	262,500
Exercise of stock options	$ 353		353
Release of restricted stock units (in shares)		1,707,292
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding (in shares)		(331,559)
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding	(633)		(633)
Issuance of common stock (in shares)		114,841,813
Issuance of common stock	237,639	$ 12	237,627
Commitment fee for SEPA settled by common stock (in shares)		465,117
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	1			1
Net loss	$ (229,506)				(229,506)
Ending balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	199,133,827	199,133,827
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ (110,800)	$ 21	$ 765,018	$ 7	$ (875,846)

Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease, cost	$ 1,573	$ 1,370
Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term	2 years 9 months 7 days	3 years 9 months 25 days
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent	16.00%	10.40%
Finance lease, weighted average remaining lease term	2 years 6 months 14 days	3 years 11 months 8 days
Finance lease, weighted average discount rate, percent	26.30%	19.90%
Sales-type lease, term of contract	20 years
Sales-type lease, interest income, lease receivable	$ 0	$ 1,166
Sales-type lease, lease receivable	$ 1,512	$ 1,471

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	300,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	199,133,827	82,653,781
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	199,133,827	82,653,781
Preferred stock issued per unit (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0

Borrowings (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt

The Company’s borrowings consist of the following related and third-party borrowings:


		December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Maturity Date	Borrowing Outstanding		Carrying Value*		Borrowing Outstanding		Carrying Value*
2021 Convertible Notes Payable	June 2026	115,815		94,386		109,167		82,950
Senior Secured Term Loan	March 2026	100,000		85,624		100,000		81,616
AFG Convertible Note	June 2026	17,429		18,139		—		—
Equipment financing facility	April 2026	5,718		5,710		8,577		8,577
Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note	June 2023	$	—	$	—	$	2,000	$	2,688
Total borrowings		238,962		203,859		219,744		$	175,831
Current portion		3,332		3,332		5,560		5,560
Total borrowings, non-current		$	235,630	$	200,527	$	214,184	$	170,271

*Carrying value includes unamortized deferred financing costs, unamortized discounts, and fair value of embedded derivative liabilities.

The carrying value of the Senior Secured Term Loan is as follows:


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Principal	$	100,000	$	100,000
Unamortized debt discount	(1,459)		(1,866)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(12,917)		(16,518)
Aggregate carrying value	$	85,624	$	81,616


Date of Draw	Gross Amount of Initial Draw		Coupon Interest Rate	Debt Issuance Costs
September 2021	$	7,000	14.3%	$	175
September 2022	4,216		16.2%	96
Total Equipment Financing loans	$	11,216		$	271

Summary of Interest Expense

Interest expense recognized on the 2021 Convertible Notes is as follows:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Contractual interest expense	$	6,648	$	6,267
Amortization of debt discount	5,237		3,588
Amortization of debt issuance costs	508		388
Total	$	12,393	$	10,243

Interest expense recognized on the AFG Convertible Notes is as follows:


	Year Ended
	December 31, 2023
Contractual interest expense	$	3,679
Amortization of debt discount	743
Amortization of debt issuance costs	209
Total	$	4,631

The following table summarizes interest expense recognized on the Senior Secured Term Loan:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Contractual interest expense	$	13,943	$	4,887
Amortization of debt discount	407		142
Amortization of debt issuance costs	3,601		1,320
Total	$	17,951	$	6,349

Schedule of Balances Recognized Upon Issuance of Convertible Notes

The carrying value for the 2021 Convertible Notes is as follows:


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Principal	$	115,815	$	109,167
Unamortized debt discount	(19,612)		(24,733)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,895)		(2,402)
Embedded derivative liability	78		918
Aggregate carrying value	$	94,386	$	82,950

The balance for the AFG Convertible Notes is as follows:


	December 31, 2023
Principal	$	17,429
Unamortized debt discount	(2,835)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(800)
Embedded conversion feature	4,345
Aggregate carrying value	$	18,139

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

+ References

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+ Details

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

The Company leases machinery, manufacturing facilities, office space, land, and equipment under both operating and finance leases. Lease assets and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:


		December 31,
	Classification on Balance Sheet	2023		2022
Assets
ROU operating lease assets	Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	$	4,033	$	4,316
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net	209		153
Total lease assets		$	4,242	$	4,469

		December 31,
	Classification on Balance Sheet	2023		2022
Liabilities
Current
Operating lease liability	Operating lease liability, current	$	1,496	$	1,106
Finance lease liability	Other current liabilities	100		32
Long-term
Operating lease liability	Operating lease liability	3,350		4,130
Finance lease liability	Other liabilities	88		126
Total lease liabilities		$	5,034	$	5,394

Operating lease costs for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, were $1,573 and $1,370, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the weighted average remaining term (in years) for the operating leases was 2.77 and 3.82 years, respectively and the weighted average discount rate was 16.0% and 10.4%, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the weighted average remaining term (in years) for the finance leases was 2.54 and 3.94 years, respectively, and the weighted average discount rate was 26.3% and 19.9%, respectively.

Future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:


	Operating leases		Finance leases		Total
2024	$	2,063	$	135	$	2,198
2025	2,175		56		2,231
2026	1,610		35		1,645
2027	—		19		19
Total minimum lease payments	$	5,848	$	245	$	6,093
Less amounts representing interest	(1,002)		(57)		(1,059)
Present value of minimum lease payments	$	4,846	$	188	$	5,034

Lessor

The Company currently leases BESS to one customer with a 20-year term through sales-type leases. Leases offered by the Company include purchase options during the lease term with a bargain purchase option at the end of the term. At the time of accepting a lease that qualifies as a sales-type lease, the Company records the gross amount of lease payments receivable, estimated residual value of the leased equipment and unearned finance income. The unearned finance income is recognized interest income over the lease term using the interest method.

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $0 and $1,166 from the sales-type lease, respectively. Net sales-type lease receivables of $1,512 and $1,471, net of unearned finance income are recorded under other assets on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Leases


		December 31,
	Classification on Balance Sheet	2023		2022
Assets
ROU operating lease assets	Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	$	4,033	$	4,316
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net	209		153
Total lease assets		$	4,242	$	4,469

		December 31,
	Classification on Balance Sheet	2023		2022
Liabilities
Current
Operating lease liability	Operating lease liability, current	$	1,496	$	1,106
Finance lease liability	Other current liabilities	100		32
Long-term
Operating lease liability	Operating lease liability	3,350		4,130
Finance lease liability	Other liabilities	88		126
Total lease liabilities		$	5,034	$	5,394

Future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:


	Operating leases		Finance leases		Total
2024	$	2,063	$	135	$	2,198
2025	2,175		56		2,231
2026	1,610		35		1,645
2027	—		19		19
Total minimum lease payments	$	5,848	$	245	$	6,093
Less amounts representing interest	(1,002)		(57)		(1,059)
Present value of minimum lease payments	$	4,846	$	188	$	5,034

Lessor

Leases


		December 31,
	Classification on Balance Sheet	2023		2022
Assets
ROU operating lease assets	Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	$	4,033	$	4,316
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net	209		153
Total lease assets		$	4,242	$	4,469

		December 31,
	Classification on Balance Sheet	2023		2022
Liabilities
Current
Operating lease liability	Operating lease liability, current	$	1,496	$	1,106
Finance lease liability	Other current liabilities	100		32
Long-term
Operating lease liability	Operating lease liability	3,350		4,130
Finance lease liability	Other liabilities	88		126
Total lease liabilities		$	5,034	$	5,394

Future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:


	Operating leases		Finance leases		Total
2024	$	2,063	$	135	$	2,198
2025	2,175		56		2,231
2026	1,610		35		1,645
2027	—		19		19
Total minimum lease payments	$	5,848	$	245	$	6,093
Less amounts representing interest	(1,002)		(57)		(1,059)
Present value of minimum lease payments	$	4,846	$	188	$	5,034

Lessor

Leases - Schedule of Future Minimum Lease (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating leases
2024	$ 2,063
2025	2,175
2026	1,610
2027	0
Total minimum lease payments	5,848
Less amounts representing interest	(1,002)
Present value of minimum lease payments	4,846
Finance leases
2024	135
2025	56
2026	35
2027	19
Total minimum lease payments	245
Less amounts representing interest	(57)
Present value of minimum lease payments	188
Total
2024	2,198
2025	2,231
2026	1,645
2027	19
Total minimum lease payments	6,093
Less amounts representing interest	(1,059)
Present value of minimum lease payments	$ 5,034	$ 5,394

Revenue Recognition

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

The Company's revenues comprised of the following:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Product revenue	$	16,151	$	17,429
Service revenue	227		495
Total revenues	$	16,378	$	17,924

For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had two customers who accounted for 49.9% and 45.2% of the total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we had one customer who accounted for 80.8% of the total revenue.

Contract Balances

The following table provides information about contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers. Contract assets - current and contract liabilities, current and long-term are included separately on the consolidated balance sheets and contract assets, long-term are included under other assets.


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Contract assets	$	8,322	$	2,000
Contract liabilities	$	6,610	$	4,806

Contract assets increased by $6,322 during the year ended December 31, 2023 due to recognition of revenues for which invoicing has not yet occurred. Contract liabilities increased by $1,804 during the year ended December 31, 2023, reflecting $10,434 in customer advance payments, partially offset by the recognition of $8,630 of revenue during the year ended December 31, 2023 that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period.

Contract liabilities of $3,070 as of December 31, 2023 are expected to be recognized within the next twelve months and contract liabilities, long-term of $3,540 are expected to be recognized as revenue within more than a year. Contract assets of $6,386 as of December 31, 2023 are expected to be recognized as accounts receivable within the next twelve months and long-term contract assets of $1,936 are expected to be recognized as accounts receivable within more than a year.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-9

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Income Taxes - Schedule of Net Income (Losses) Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S.	$ (229,585)	$ (229,923)
Non-U.S.	110	161
Loss before income taxes	$ (229,475)	$ (229,762)

- Definition

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Warrants Liability - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	May 31, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)				114,841,813	27,901,205
April 2023 warrants \| Related Party \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)			16,000,000
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)			16,000,000
Proceeds from issuance of equity transactions			$ 40,000
Fair value of warrants and common stock			66,366
Change in fair value of derivatives - related parties			$ 26,366
April 2023 and May 2023 Transactions \| Related Party
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Underwriting fees and selling concessions	$ 2,328			$ 2,328
May 2023 warrants \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)		3,601,980
Proceeds from issuance of equity transactions		$ 8,000
May 2023 warrants \| Related Party \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)		3,601,980
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)		3,601,980
Proceeds from issuance of equity transactions		$ 8,000
Fair value of warrants and common stock		13,267
Change in fair value of derivatives - related parties		$ 5,267
December 2023 warrants \| Related Party
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Underwriting fees and selling concessions	$ 2,500			2,500
Legal fees				175
December 2023 warrants \| Related Party \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)	34,482,759
Fair value of warrants and common stock	$ 71,294			$ 71,294
Change in fair value of derivatives - related parties	$ 21,294
Common stock to be purchased through each warrant (in shares)	1			1
Offering price (in usd per share)	$ 1.45			$ 1.45

Borrowings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Borrowings

The Company’s borrowings consist of the following related and third-party borrowings:


		December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Maturity Date	Borrowing Outstanding		Carrying Value*		Borrowing Outstanding		Carrying Value*
2021 Convertible Notes Payable	June 2026	115,815		94,386		109,167		82,950
Senior Secured Term Loan	March 2026	100,000		85,624		100,000		81,616
AFG Convertible Note	June 2026	17,429		18,139		—		—
Equipment financing facility	April 2026	5,718		5,710		8,577		8,577
Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note	June 2023	$	—	$	—	$	2,000	$	2,688
Total borrowings		238,962		203,859		219,744		$	175,831
Current portion		3,332		3,332		5,560		5,560
Total borrowings, non-current		$	235,630	$	200,527	$	214,184	$	170,271

*Carrying value includes unamortized deferred financing costs, unamortized discounts, and fair value of embedded derivative liabilities.

Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes - Related Party

On December 29, 2022, the Company issued a convertible promissory note (the "December 2022 Promissory Note") with an aggregate principal amount of $2,000 in a private placement to Yorkville under a second supplemental agreement to the SEPA. In January 2023, Yorkville delivered Investor Notices requiring the Company to issue and sell an aggregate of 1,953,612 shares of common stock to Yorkville to offset all outstanding amounts owed to Yorkville under the December 2022 Promissory Note.

During the first half of 2023, the Company issued three additional convertible promissory notes (the “2023 Promissory Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $35,000 in a private placement to Yorkville under the second, third and fourth supplemental agreements to the SEPA, respectively. The fair values of the 2023 Promissory Notes at issuance was greater than the proceeds received. As such, the Company recorded the excess of fair value of the issued 2023 Promissory Notes over the proceeds received as interest expense - related party in the amount of $17,571, which is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

On various dates during the first half of 2023, Yorkville delivered Investor Notices requiring the Company to issue and sell an aggregate of 20,993,417 shares of common stock to Yorkville to offset all outstanding amounts owed to Yorkville under the outstanding 2023 Promissory Notes.

The Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment from the issuance of common stock from the December 2022 Promissory Note and the 2023 Promissory Notes (collectively referred to as the “Yorkville Promissory Notes”) of $3,510 for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Embedded derivatives- Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes - Related party

The conversion feature for each of the Yorkville Promissory Notes discussed above did not qualify for the scope exception to derivative accounting, therefore bifurcation was required for each issuance. Upon extinguishment of each Yorkville Promissory Note, the embedded derivatives were adjusted to fair value. This remeasurement resulted in net gains of $6,922 for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is included in change in fair value of derivatives - related parties on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

As of December 31, 2023, there were no outstanding amounts under the Yorkville Promissory Notes.

2021 Convertible Notes Payable - Related Party

On July 6, 2021, the Company entered into an investment agreement with Spring Creek Capital, LLC, a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of Koch Industries. The investment agreement provides for the issuance and sale to Koch of convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $100,000. The maturity date of the 2021 Convertible Notes is June 30, 2026, subject to earlier conversion, redemption, or repurchase.

Contractual Interest Rates - The 2021 Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 5% per year if interest is paid in cash, or 6% per year if interest is paid in-kind. Interest on the 2021 Convertible Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 30 and December 30.

Conversion Rights - The 2021 Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holder at any time until the business day prior to the maturity date, including in connection with a redemption by the Company. The 2021 Convertible Notes will be convertible into shares of the Company's common stock based on an initial conversion rate of 49.9910 shares of the Company’s common stock, which is equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $20.00 per share, in each case subject to customary anti-dilution and other adjustments. The Company has the right to settle conversions in shares of common stock, cash, or any combination thereof.

Optional Redemption - On or after June 30, 2024, the 2021 Convertible Notes will be redeemable by the Company in the event that the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides the redemption notice at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount of such 2021 Convertible Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

If, following the Company’s delivery of a redemption notice, the 2021 Convertible Notes are converted pursuant to the holders’ conversion rights, the Company is required to make an additional cash payment to the converting holder equal to the present value of all interest payments the holder would have been entitled to receive had such 2021 Convertible Notes remained outstanding until June 30, 2026 (the “interest make-whole payment”). The present value is calculated using a discount rate equal to the risk-free rate plus 50 basis points and assuming interest accrued at the cash interest rate of 5% per year.

Contingent Redemption - With certain exceptions, upon the occurrence of certain events, fundamental changes described in the 2021 Convertible Notes Agreement, the holders of the 2021 Convertible Notes may require that the Company repurchase all or part of the principal amount of the Notes at a purchase price of 100% of the principal amount of such 2021 Convertible Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Embedded Derivatives - The interest make-whole payment can be triggered only in connection with an induced conversion, and therefore represents an adjustment to the settlement amount of the embedded conversion feature. Because this adjustment is calculated in a manner in which the cash payout may exceed the time value of the embedded conversion feature, the embedded conversion feature is precluded from being considered indexed to the Company’s own stock. Therefore, the embedded conversion feature does not qualify for the scope exceptions to derivative accounting prescribed by ASC 815.

Interest expense recognized on the 2021 Convertible Notes is as follows:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Contractual interest expense	$	6,648	$	6,267
Amortization of debt discount	5,237		3,588
Amortization of debt issuance costs	508		388
Total	$	12,393	$	10,243

The carrying value for the 2021 Convertible Notes is as follows:


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Principal	$	115,815	$	109,167
Unamortized debt discount	(19,612)		(24,733)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,895)		(2,402)
Embedded derivative liability	78		918
Aggregate carrying value	$	94,386	$	82,950

The gain from the change in fair value of the embedded derivative liability for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $840 and $11,488, respectively. See Note 15, Fair Value Measurement for the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the embedded derivative. The Company is obligated to repay all contractual interest attributable to the 2021 Convertible Notes in-kind on a semi-annual basis, in accordance with the terms under the Senior Secured Term Loan.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, contractual interest in-kind of $6,648 was recorded as an increase to the 2021 Convertible Notes' principal balance on the consolidated balance sheet.

AFG Convertible Notes - Related Party

On January 18, 2023, the Company entered into the Investment Agreement with the Purchasers relating to the issuance and sale to the Purchasers of $13,750 in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s AFG Convertible Notes.

Contractual Interest Rates - The AFG Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 26.5% per annum, which is entirely paid-in-kind. All interest payments are made through an increase in the principal amount of the outstanding AFG Convertible Notes or through the issuance of additional notes (such interest is referred to herein as “PIK Interest”). Interest on the AFG Convertible Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 30 and December 30, commencing on June 30, 2023. It is expected that the Notes will mature on June 30, 2026, subject to earlier conversion, redemption or repurchase.

Conversion Rights - The AFG Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holder (the “Conversion Option”) at any time until the business day prior to the maturity date, including in connection with a redemption by the Company. The AFG Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, based on an initial conversion price of approximately $1.67 per share subject to customary anti-dilution and other adjustments. The Company has the right to settle conversions in shares of common stock, cash, or any combination thereof.

Optional Redemption - On or after June 30, 2024, provided that the Company has obtained stockholder approval, the AFG Convertible Notes are redeemable by the Company in the event that the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides the redemption notice. The redemption price will be equal to the then current principal amount of the AFG Convertible Notes (inclusive of all PIK Interest), plus the aggregate amount of all interest payments on the AFG Convertible Notes that the holders of the AFG Convertible Notes to be redeemed would have been entitled to receive had the AFG Convertible Notes remained outstanding to the maturity date.

Contingent Redemption - With certain exceptions, upon the occurrence of certain events and fundamental changes described in the AFG Convertible Notes Agreement, the holders of the AFG Convertible Notes may require that the Company repurchase all or part of the principal amount of the AFG Convertible Notes at a purchase price of 100% of the principal amount of the AFG Convertible Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Embedded Derivative - The Conversion Option includes an exercise contingency, which requires the Company to obtain shareholder approval for conversions subject to the Exchange Cap. If shareholder approval is not obtained, following commercially reasonable efforts, the Company will be required to settle the conversion in excess of the Exchange Cap in cash. Since settlement in cash may be required in absence of shareholder approval, the embedded conversion feature fails the equity classification guidance in ASC 815 and is thus precluded from being classified in equity. Therefore, the embedded conversion feature is required to be bifurcated from the AFG Convertible Notes and accounted for at fair value at each reporting date, with changes in fair value recognized on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The fair value of the AFG Convertible Notes at issuance was $16,623, which was greater than the proceeds received. The Company recorded the difference of $2,873 as interest expense on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

Interest expense recognized on the AFG Convertible Notes is as follows:


	Year Ended
	December 31, 2023
Contractual interest expense	$	3,679
Amortization of debt discount	743
Amortization of debt issuance costs	209
Total	$	4,631

The balance for the AFG Convertible Notes is as follows:


	December 31, 2023
Principal	$	17,429
Unamortized debt discount	(2,835)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(800)
Embedded conversion feature	4,345
Aggregate carrying value	$	18,139

The gain from the change in fair value of the embedded derivative for the year ended December 31, 2023 amounted to $2,106. See Note 15, Fair Value Measurement for the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the embedded derivative as of December 31, 2023 and as of the date of issuance. The Company is obligated to repay all contractual interest attributable to the AFG Convertible Notes in-kind on a semi-annual basis, in accordance with the terms of the Investment Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2023, contractual interest in-kind of $3,679 was recorded as an increase to the AFG Convertible Notes' principal balance on the consolidated balance sheet.

Senior Secured Term Loan

On July 29, 2022 (the "Closing Date"), the Company entered into a $100,000 Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement with Atlas Credit Partners (ACP) Post Oak Credit I LLC (Atlas), as administrative agent for the lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties. The Senior Secured Term Loan is scheduled to mature on the earlier of (i) July 29, 2026, and (ii) 91 days prior to the current maturity date of the 2021 Convertible Notes of June 30, 2026. The Company has the right at any time to prepay any Borrowing in whole or in part in an amount of not less than $500.

The outstanding principal balance of the Senior Secured Term Loan bears interest, at the applicable margin plus, at the Company’s election, either (i) the benchmark secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”), which is a per annum rate equal to (y) the Adjusted Term SOFR plus 0.2616%, or (ii) the alternate base rate (“ABR”), which is a per annum rate equal to the greatest of (x) the U.S. Prime Lending Rate, (y) the NYFRB Rate (as defined in the Senior Secured Term Loan Agreement) plus 0.5% and (z) the SOFR. The applicable margin under the Credit Agreement is 8.5% per annum with respect to SOFR loans, and 7.5% per annum with respect to ABR loans. Interest on the Senior Secured Term Loan accrues at a variable interest rate, and interest payments are due quarterly. The Company may elect to convert SOFR Loans to ABR (and ABR Loans to SOFR). As of December 31, 2023, the interest rate in effect for the Senior Secured Term Loan's fourth quarter of 2023 interest payment was 14.15%.

Any repayment of principal prior to the second anniversary of the issuance date is subject to a call premium. The call premium is equal to the present value of all interest payments due through June 30, 2024, calculated using a discount rate equal to the applicable treasury rate as of the repayment date plus 50 basis points. The Company deemed that the fair value of the embedded derivative features which qualify for bifurcation was de minimis.

Additionally, interest is required to be escrowed based on the principle outstanding. This amount was $11,755 at December 31, 2023. This escrowed amount is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets.

The agreements also contain customary affirmative and negative covenants. They limit the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur indebtedness, make restricted payments, including cash dividends on its common stock, make certain investments, loans and advances, enter into mergers and acquisitions, sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of its assets, enter into transactions with its affiliates and engage in sale and leaseback transactions, among other restrictions. Furthermore, the limitation on the Company’s ability to incur indebtedness also requires payment of principal and interest in kind on the 2021 Convertible Notes. While the Company was in compliance with this covenant as of December 31, 2023, and currently expects to remain in compliance as of March 31, 2024, absent the Company’s ability to secure additional outside capital, the Company may be unable to remain in compliance with this covenant beginning on June 30, 2024 and thereafter (see Note 1, Overview for further discussion).

The following table summarizes interest expense recognized on the Senior Secured Term Loan:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Contractual interest expense	$	13,943	$	4,887
Amortization of debt discount	407		142
Amortization of debt issuance costs	3,601		1,320
Total	$	17,951	$	6,349

The carrying value of the Senior Secured Term Loan is as follows:


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Principal	$	100,000	$	100,000
Unamortized debt discount	(1,459)		(1,866)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(12,917)		(16,518)
Aggregate carrying value	$	85,624	$	81,616

Equipment Financing facility

The Company entered into an agreement on September 30, 2021 with Trinity Capital Inc. ("Trinity") for a $25,000 equipment financing facility, the proceeds of which will be used to acquire certain manufacturing equipment, subject to Trinity's approval. Each draw is executed under a separate payment schedule (a “Schedule”) that constitutes a separate financial instrument. The financing fees included in each Schedule are established through monthly payment factors determined by Trinity. Such monthly payment factors are based on the Prime Rate reported in The Wall Street Journal in effect on the first day of the month in which a Schedule is executed.


Date of Draw	Gross Amount of Initial Draw		Coupon Interest Rate	Debt Issuance Costs
September 2021	$	7,000	14.3%	$	175
September 2022	4,216		16.2%	96
Total Equipment Financing loans	$	11,216		$	271

On September 30, 2022, the equipment facility’s unused commitment of $13,784 expired.

As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, total equipment financing debt outstanding was $5,710 and $8,577, respectively of which $3,332 and $2,872 are recorded as a current liability on the consolidated balance sheets, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $1,111 and $922 as interest expense attributable to the equipment financing agreement, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss was as follows:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Stock options	$	2,468	$	3,002
Restricted stock units	11,589		10,792
Total	$	14,057	$	13,794

The stock compensation has been recorded in cost of goods sold, research and development expenses and selling, general and administrative expenses.

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Units	Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Options Outstanding at December 31, 2021	2,023,460	$	9.51	6.3
Granted	3,275,224	1.33
Cancelled/Forfeited	(953,872)	4.84
Options Outstanding at December 31, 2022	4,344,812	4.37		7.7
Granted	649,865	2.27
Cancelled/Forfeited	(504,550)	2.39
Exercised	(262,500)	1.35
Options Outstanding at December 31, 2023	4,227,627	4.47		5.2
Options Exercisable at December 31, 2023	3,590,262	4.86		5.3

A summary of restricted stock units (RSU) activity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:


	Units	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
RSUs Outstanding at December 31, 2021	2,194,756	$	16.36
Granted	2,557,263	2.87
Cancelled/Forfeited	(1,051,951)	8.55
Vested	(704,178)	15.02
RSUs Outstanding at December 31, 2022	2,995,890	7.89
Granted	4,804,057	3.42
Cancelled/Forfeited	(898,525)	4.86
Vested	(1,453,964)	7.39
RSUs Outstanding at December 31, 2023	5,447,458	4.58

In 2023, the Company reserved an additional 8,000,000 shares for the Amended and Restated 2020 Incentive Plan. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, 5,015,893 and 994,108 shares remain for future issuance, respectively. Options generally have a term of five to ten years and vest over periods ranging from three months to two years. RSUs generally vest over periods from one to three years.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company granted 40,000 RSUs and 0 options with performance and service conditions. Stock compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the award vesting term. For awards with performance conditions, compensation expense is recognized using an accelerated attribution method over the vesting period. The performance conditions primarily relate to achievement of sales and financing targets. In June 2023, the Company modified 550,000 performance-based stock options that were issued in June 2022 and December 2022 by extending the period to meet certain performance conditions. During the year ended December 31, 2023, all performance conditions were met for these 550,000 options, therefore accelerating the vesting and respective expense.

As of December 31, 2023, total unrecognized stock compensation expense was $15,314 of which $15,051 was attributable to unvested RSUs and $263 attributable to unvested stock options. Compensation expense for these unvested awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 0.4 years for stock options and 2.3 years for RSUs.

The weighted average assumptions used to determine the fair value of stock options granted in 2023 and 2022 are as follows:


	2023		2022
Volatility	62.60	%	61.36	%
Risk free interest rate	4.07	%	3.27	%
Expected life (years)	3.00		4.67
Dividend yield	0	%	0	%

The weighted average grant date fair value of all stock options granted was $1.02 and $0.72 per option for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Revenue Recognition - Information about Contract Assets and Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract assets	$ 8,322	$ 2,000
Contract liabilities	$ 6,610	$ 4,806

Borrowings - Schedule of Net Carrying Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	$ 238,962	$ 219,744
Total borrowings	203,859	175,831
2021 Convertible Notes Payable \| Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	115,815	109,167
Total borrowings	94,386	82,950
2021 Convertible Notes Payable \| Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	115,815	109,167
Unamortized debt discount	(19,612)	(24,733)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,895)	(2,402)
Embedded derivative liability	78	918
Total borrowings	94,386	82,950
AFG Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total borrowings	16,623
AFG Convertible Notes \| Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	17,429
Unamortized debt discount	(2,835)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(800)
Embedded derivative liability	4,345
Total borrowings	18,139
Senior Secured Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total borrowings	85,624	81,616
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	100,000	100,000
Total borrowings	85,624	81,616
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Nonrelated Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	100,000	100,000
Unamortized debt discount	(1,459)	(1,866)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(12,917)	(16,518)
Total borrowings	$ 85,624	$ 81,616

Accrued Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses were as follows:


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued payroll	$	4,553	$	2,706
Warranty reserve (1)	6,197		3,836
Accrued legal and professional expenses	10,710		840
Provision for contract losses	3,351		2,561
Insurance premium payable, current (2)	2,605		2,607
Other	4,916		2,809
Total accrued expenses	$	32,332	$	15,359

(1) Refer to the table below for the warranty reserve activity.

(2) Refer to Note 12, Borrowings for additional information.

The following table summarizes warranty reserve activity:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Warranty reserve - beginning of period	$	3,836	$	2,112
Additions for current year deliveries	811		2,460
Changes in the warranty reserve estimate	2,070		1,284
Warranty costs incurred	(520)		(2,020)
Warranty reserve - end of period	$	6,197	$	3,836

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Units
Beginning outstanding balance (in shares)	4,344,812	2,023,460
Granted (in shares)	649,865	3,275,224
Cancelled/Forfeited (in shares)	(504,550)	(953,872)
Exercised (in shares)	(262,500)
Ending outstanding balance (in shares)	4,227,627	4,344,812	2,023,460
Exercisable (in shares)	3,590,262
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Beginning outstanding balance (in usd per share)	$ 4.37	$ 9.51
Granted (in usd per share)	2.27	1.33
Cancelled/Forfeited (in usd per share)	2.39	4.84
Exercised (in usd per share)	1.35
Ending outstanding balance (in usd per share)	4.47	$ 4.37	$ 9.51
Exercisable (in usd per share)	$ 4.86
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Options outstanding	5 years 2 months 12 days	7 years 8 months 12 days	6 years 3 months 18 days
Options exercisable	5 years 3 months 18 days

Government Grants (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Government Grants (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Government Assistance [Line Items]
Grant receivable	$ 3,256	$ 263
Grant income, net	$ 0	(16)
Government Assistance, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Cost of goods sold
California Energy Commission
Government Assistance [Line Items]
Grant receivable	$ 0	$ 263
Production Tax Credits
Government Assistance [Line Items]
Grant receivable	3,256
Government assistance amount	$ 3,256

Fair Value Measurement - Schedule of Fair Value of Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants	$ 27,461	$ 78
Level 1 \| Embedded derivatives
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants	0	0
Embedded derivatives	0	0
Level 2 \| Embedded derivatives
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants	55	78
Embedded derivatives	0	0
Level 3 \| Embedded derivatives
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants	27,406	0
Embedded derivatives	$ 4,423	$ 1,945

- Definition

Fair value, after the effects of master netting arrangements, of a financial liability or contract with one or more underlyings, notional amount or payment provision or both, and the contract can be net settled by means outside the contract or delivery of an asset. Includes liabilities not subject to a master netting arrangement and not elected to be offset.

+ References

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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Stock-Based Compensation - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of additional shares authorized (in shares)		8,000,000
Number of shares remain for future issuance (in shares)		5,015,893	994,108
Expected life (years)		3 years	4 years 8 months 1 day
Unrecognized stock compensation expense		$ 15,314
Unrecognized stock compensation expense attributable to stock option		$ 263
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted (in usd per share)		$ 1.02	$ 0.72
Stock options \| Performance and Service Conditions
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Grants in period (in shares)		0
Stock options \| Performance Conditions
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	550,000
Number of options vested.		550,000
Stock options \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected life (years)		5 years
Options vesting term		3 months
Stock options \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected life (years)		10 years
Options vesting term		2 years
Stock options \| Weighted Average
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options vesting term		4 months 24 days
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)		4,804,057	2,557,263
Unrecognized stock compensation expense attributable to RUs		$ 15,051
Restricted stock units \| Performance and Service Conditions
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)		40,000
Restricted stock units \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options vesting term		1 year
Restricted stock units \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options vesting term		3 years
Restricted stock units \| Weighted Average
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options vesting term		2 years 3 months 18 days

Warrants Liability (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Common Stock Warrants Outstanding and Fair Value

The amount of warrants outstanding and fair value for all warrants as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:


	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
	Warrants Outstanding	Fair Value		Warrants Outstanding	Fair Value
IPO warrants	274,400	$	55	325,000	$	78
April 2023 warrants	16,000,000	6,276		—	—
May 2023 warrants	3,601,980	1,544		—	—
December 2023 warrants	34,482,759	19,586		—	—
Total	54,359,139	$	27,461	325,000	$	78

Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued payroll	$ 4,553	$ 2,706
Warranty reserve	6,197	3,836
Accrued legal and professional expenses	10,710	840
Provision for contract losses	3,351	2,561
Insurance premium payable, current	2,605	2,607
Other	4,916	2,809
Total accrued expenses	$ 32,332	$ 15,359

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Lease commitments The Company has lease commitments under lease agreements. See Note 14, Leases, for additional information. Minimum Volume Commitment In June 2022, the Company entered into a long-term supply agreement with a minimum volume commitment with a third party, which provides services to process certain raw materials. Any purchase order issued under this supply agreement will be non-cancellable. To the extent the Company fails to order the guaranteed minimum volume defined in the contract at the end of the term, the Company is required to pay the counterparty an amount equal to the shortfall, if any, multiplied by a fee. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had open purchase commitments of $113 under this agreement. The Company believes that the probability of failing to meet the minimum volume commitment is remote and no shortfall penalty has been accrued as of December 31, 2023. Legal Proceedings Class Action Complaints On March 8, 2023, a class action lawsuit (the “Delman Complaint”) was filed in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware by plaintiff Richard Delman (the “Delman Plaintiff”) against certain defendants including the Company’s former directors (the “Delman Defendants”). Neither the Company nor Eos Energy Storage LLC were named as a defendant in the Delman Complaint, but each was identified as a relevant non-party, and the Company has indemnification obligations relating to the lawsuit. On February 1, 2024, the parties to the Delman Compliant agreed to a binding Settlement Term Sheet (the “Settlement”) whereby the Delman Plaintiff agreed to resolve the Delman Complaint in exchange for a settlement payment of $8,500, consisting of cash payments previously made by the Company of approximately $1,000 and an additional cash payment of approximately $7,500 funded by the Company’s D&O liability insurance policies. The settlement is subject to confirmatory discovery and approval by the Court of Chancery. On August 1, 2023, a class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court of New Jersey by plaintiff William Houck (the “Houck Complaint”) against the Company and against three individual officers: the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, its former Chief Financial Officer, and its current Chief Financial Officer (with the Company, the “Houck Defendants”). The Houck Complaint alleges that the Houck Defendants violated federal securities laws by making knowingly false or misleading statements about the Company’s contractual relationship with a customer and about the size of the Company’s order backlog and commercial pipeline. The Company has denied the allegations of wrongdoing in the Houck Complaint and intends to continue to vigorously defend against this action.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 69,473	$ 17,076
Restricted cash	3,439	2,725
Accounts receivable, net	3,387	1,666
Inventory, net	17,070	23,260
Vendor deposits	7,161	4,789
Contract assets, current	6,386	1,859
Prepaid expenses	1,082	2,289
Grant receivable	3,256	263
Other receivables	7,500	0
Other current assets	3,577	1,220
Total current assets	122,331	55,147
Property, plant and equipment, net	37,855	27,169
Intangible assets, net	295	240
Goodwill	4,331	4,331
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	4,033	4,316
Long-term restricted cash	11,755	11,422
Other assets, net	5,892	4,163
Total assets	186,492	106,788
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	20,540	34,669
Accrued expenses	32,332	15,359
Operating lease liability, current	1,496	1,106
Long-term debt, current	3,332	2,872
Convertible notes payable - related party	0	2,688
Contract liabilities, current	3,070	3,850
Other current liabilities	100	32
Total current liabilities	60,870	60,576
Long-term liabilities:
Operating lease liability	3,350	4,130
Long-term debt	88,002	87,321
Convertible notes payable - related party	112,525	82,950
Contract liabilities, long-term	3,540	956
Warrants	27,461	78
Other liabilities	1,544	3,488
Total long-term liabilities	236,422	178,923
Total liabilities	297,292	239,499
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 16)
SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, 300,000,000 and 300,000,000 shares authorized, 199,133,827 and 82,653,781 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively	21	9
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, no shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022	0	0
Additional paid in capital	765,018	513,614
Accumulated deficit	(875,846)	(646,340)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	7	6
Total shareholders' deficit	(110,800)	(132,711)
Total liabilities and shareholders’ deficit	$ 186,492	$ 106,788

Cover - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Cover - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Feb. 27, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Registrant Name	EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity File Number	001-39291
Entity Tax Identification Number	84-4290188
Entity Address, Address Line One	3920 Park Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	Edison
Entity Address, State or Province	NJ
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	08820
City Area Code	732
Local Phone Number	225-8400
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 522.2
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		202,645,716
Entity Central Index Key	0001805077
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false
Common Stock
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	EOSE
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Warrants
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants, each exercisable for one share of common stock
Trading Symbol	EOSEW
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Liabilities


	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities
Warrants	$	—	$	55	$	27,406	$	—	$	78	$	—
Embedded derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	4,423	$	—	$	—	$	1,945

Schedule of Assumptions Used to Determine Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Feature

The inputs used to determine the fair value of the April 2023 warrants, May 2023 warrants, and the December 2023 warrants are as follows:


April 2023 warrants	December 31, 2023			April 12, 2023
Time to expiration	4.79 years			5.51 years
Common stock price	$	1.09		$	2.61
Risk-free interest rate	3.8		%	3.4		%
Volatility	70.0		%	70.0		%

May 2023 warrants	December 31, 2023			May 15, 2023
Time to expiration	4.54 years			5.17 years
Common stock price	$	1.09		$	2.31
Risk-free interest rate	3.8		%	3.4		%
Volatility	70.0		%	70.0		%

December 2023 warrants	December 31, 2023			December 14, 2023
Time to expiration	4.96 years			5.00 years
Common stock price	$	1.09		$	1.32
Risk-free interest rate	3.8		%	3.9		%
Volatility	70.0		%	70.0		%

The inputs used to determine the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities are as follows:


2021 Convertible Note	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Term	2.50 years		3.50 years
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.1	%	4.1	%
Volatility	70.0	%	80.0	%
Effective debt yield	40.0	%	25.0	%

AFG Convertible Note	December 31, 2023		January 18, 2023
Term	2.50 years		3.45 years
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.1	%	3.6	%
Volatility	70.0	%	70.0	%
Effective debt yield	40.0	%	40.0	%

Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of liabilities that are included within the Company’s accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are designated as Level 3:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Embedded derivatives
Balance at beginning of the period	$	1,945	$	12,359
Additions	30,619		466
Change in fair value of derivatives - related party	(28,141)		(10,880)
Balance at end of the period	$	4,423	$	1,945

Warrants
Balance at beginning of the period	$	—	$	—
Additions	55,330		—
Change in fair value of warrants	(27,924)		—
Balance at end of the period	$	27,406	$	—

Schedule of Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The estimated fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets was as follows:


	Level in fair value hierarchy	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Notes receivable	3	$	863	$	719	$	863	$	677
2021 Convertible Notes*	3	94,386		57,998		82,950		62,421
Senior Secured Term Loan	3	85,624		61,360		81,616		77,576
AFG Convertible Notes*	3	18,139		18,352		—		—
Equipment financing facility	3	5,710		4,826		8,577		6,282
Yorkville Convertible Notes*	3	—		—		2,688		2,908
Total		$	204,722	$	143,255	$	176,694	$	149,864

*Includes the embedded derivative liabilities.

Income Taxes - Schedule of Reconciliation from Statutory to Effective Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income (loss) before income taxes	$ (229,475)	$ (229,762)
Statutory U.S. federal income tax (21%)	(48,190)	(48,250)
State and local income tax	330	(12,051)
Income taxed at rates other than statutory	8	17
Non-deductible convertible debt	8,420	(2,220)
Non-deductible warrant cost	(5)	(178)
Stock-based compensation	1,687	1,622
Non-deductible officers compensation	2,580	0
Valuation allowance	34,821	60,444
Other	380	667
Total income tax (benefit) provision	$ 31	$ 51
Effective tax rate	0.00%	0.00%

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

The following table provides information about property, plant and equipment, net balances:


				December 31,
	Useful lives			2023		2022
Equipment	5	—	10 years	$	20,559	$	23,653
Finance lease	5	—	years	504		379
Furniture	5	—	10 years	2,103		1,868
Leasehold improvements	Lesser of useful life/remaining lease			7,718		6,303
Tooling	2	—	3 years	7,045		6,926
Construction in progress				17,958		—
Total				55,887		39,129
Less: Accumulated depreciation				(18,032)		(11,960)
Total property, plant and equipment, net				$	37,855	$	27,169

Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $9,668 and $6,774 during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded a loss from write-down of property, plant and equipment of $7,159 and $6,846, respectively, mainly due to replacement of equipment, outsourcing of certain production processes, and the shift in production from the Gen 2.3 battery system to the Z3™ battery system.

Included in construction in progress assets is capitalized interest costs of $966 as of December 31, 2023. Depreciation will commence after the assets under construction are placed in service.

Intangible Assets - Estimated Future Amortization Expense of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 86
2025	86
2026	43
2027	40
2028	40
Total	$ 295	$ 240

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The Company follows accounting standards established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) to ensure consistent reporting of financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. References to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) in these notes are to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification™ (“ASC”) and related updates (“ASU”). The financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation	Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation.
Foreign Currency	Foreign Currency The Company follows the provisions of ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries use the local currency of their respective countries as their functional currency. The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The operating results of foreign operations are translated at weighted average exchange rates. The related translation gains or losses are reported as a separate component of shareholders’ (deficit) equity in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions, which were insignificant for years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, are included as other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Allowance for Expected Credit Losses	Allowance for Expected Credit Losses The Company evaluates the creditworthiness of its customers. If the collection of any specific receivable is doubtful, an allowance is recorded in the allowance for expected credit losses.
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value.
Embedded derivatives	Embedded derivatives Some of our debt financings contain embedded derivatives, such as conversion features. The Company evaluates each debt agreement to determine whether the embedded derivative feature requires bifurcation from the host liability, in which case would require to be accounted for as a derivative liability. The Company uses valuation models to estimate the fair value of the embedded derivatives. The change in fair value of the embedded derivatives is presented separately on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Earning (loss) Per Share	Earnings (loss) Per Share In accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share, basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Other potentially dilutive common shares, and the related impact to earnings, are considered when calculating EPS on a diluted basis.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, contract assets, accounts payable, warrants, convertible notes payable — related party, contract liabilities and long-term debt. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, contract assets, contract liabilities and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement: Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 - Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Goodwill	Goodwill Goodwill consists of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment each year using a qualitative or quantitative process that is performed at least annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate a likely reduction in the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Prior to performing a quantitative evaluation, an assessment of qualitative factors may be performed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds the carrying value. If it is determined that it is unlikely that the carrying value exceeds the fair value, the Company is not required to complete the quantitative goodwill impairment evaluation. If it is determined that the carrying value may exceed fair value when considering qualitative factors, a quantitative goodwill impairment evaluation is performed. When performing the quantitative evaluation, if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss equal to the difference will be recorded. The Company completed the annual goodwill impairment test as of November 30, 2023, using a qualitative assessment for the reporting unit. The Company concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than the carrying amount, and a quantitative goodwill impairment test was not necessary.
Government Grants	Government Grants The Company recognizes a grant receivable once it is probable that (1) the Company is eligible to receive the grant and (2) the Company is able to comply with the relevant conditions of the grant. The grant money shall be recognized on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes the related expenses or losses for which the grant money is intended to compensate.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. An assessment is performed to determine whether the depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets over their remaining lives can be recovered through projected undiscounted future cash flows. The amount of any long-lived asset impairment is measured based on fair value and is charged to operations in the period in which a long-lived assets impairment is determined by management.
Income Taxes and Deferred Taxes	Income Taxes and Deferred Taxes The Company complies with the accounting and reporting requirements of FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"). Income taxes are computed under the asset and liability method reflecting both current and deferred taxes, which reflect the tax impact of all events included in the financial statements. The balance sheet approach (i) reflects a current tax liability or asset recognized for estimated taxes payable or refundable on tax returns for the current and prior years, (ii) reflects a deferred tax liability or asset recognized for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences and carryforwards, (iii) measures current and deferred tax liabilities and assets using the enacted tax rate of which the effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not anticipated, and (iv) reduces deferred tax assets, if necessary, by the amount of any tax benefits that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized. ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets only to the extent that management concludes these assets are more-likely-than-not to be realized. Significant judgement is required in assessing and estimating the more-likely-than-not tax consequences of the events included in the financial statements. Management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as income tax expense. The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process in which (i) management determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained on the technical merits of the position and (ii) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.
Intangible Assets, net	Intangible Assets, net Intangible assets are stated at their historical cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their expected useful lives.
Inventory, net	Inventory, net Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard cost which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company records inventory when it takes delivery and title to the product according to the terms of each supply contract. The Company evaluates its ending inventories for excess quantities and obsolescence. A valuation allowance is recorded for inventories that management considers excess or obsolete. Management considers forecasted demand in relation to the inventory on hand, competitiveness of product offerings, market conditions and product life cycles when determining excess and obsolescence and net realizable value adjustments. Once inventory is written down and a new cost basis is established, it is not written back up if demand increases.
Leases	Leases The Company accounts for its leases under ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASC 842”). Under ASC 842, the right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The discount rate used to calculate the present value represents our incremental borrowing rate and is calculated based on the treasury yield curve that is commensurate with the term of each lease, and a spread representative of our borrowing costs. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Leases may be classified as either operating leases or finance leases. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are excluded from the scope of ROU assets and liabilities, as allowed by ASC 842. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. The Company has elected the practical expedient to account for non-lease components as part of the lease component for all asset classes. The majority of the Company's lease agreements are real estate leases.
Property, Plant and Equipment, net	Property, Plant and Equipment, net Equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the improvements or the life of the lease. Maintenance and repair expenditures are expensed as incurred. Expenditures which significantly improve or extend the life of an asset are capitalized. Construction in Progress Included in property, plant, and equipment is construction in progress. Costs related to the design, development, and construction of large capital projects are accumulated in construction in progress until the project is complete. A construction project is considered substantially complete upon the cessation of construction and development activities. Once the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use these costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the asset's estimated useful life. A portion of construction in progress also includes capitalized interest. Interest costs incurred during construction of large capital projects are capitalized as construction in progress until the underlying asset is ready for its intended use, at which point the interest costs are amortized as depreciation expense over the life of the underlying asset. Interest is capitalized using a weighted average effective interest rate applicable to borrowings outstanding during the period to which it is applied.
Research and Development Expenses	Research and Development Expenses Research and development costs are expensed as incurred, which include materials, supplies, salaries, benefits and other costs related to research, development and testing of products.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Revenue is earned from the sales, installation, and commissioning of BESS, the terms of which are dictated by supply agreements the Company enters into with its customers. Revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods and/or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods and/or services to the customer. As most contracts contain multiple goods delivered to the customer at different times, the transaction price is allocated to each good based on the relative standalone selling price and revenue is recognized when or as the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company uses either the expected cost-plus margin approach or adjusted market assessment approach to estimate the standalone selling prices of its goods and services. Product Revenue Product revenue is comprised of revenue from the BESS, along with other products, including inverters and spare parts, and is recognized at the point in time at which control passes, the determination of which is made in accordance with ASC 606, based on indicators of control. Generally, passage of control will be determined based upon the shipping terms, which vary by contract. Many of the Company’s contracts with customers contain some component of variable consideration. The Company estimates variable consideration, such as refunds, penalties including liquidated damages, and the customer’s right to return, using the expected value method, and adjusts transaction price for its estimate of variable consideration. We update our estimates of variable consideration and adjust the transaction price accordingly by recording an adjustment to net revenue and refund liability with respect to variable consideration such as penalties, refunds, and credits to customers. The Company has concluded that its estimation of variable consideration results in an adjustment to the transaction price such that it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue would not occur in the future. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of goods sold. Sales tax collected from customers are recorded on a net basis and therefore, not included in revenue. Sales tax is recorded as a liability (payable) until remitted to governmental authorities. Service Revenue Service revenue includes commissioning, installation and engineering, procurement and construction revenue. As the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company’s performance, these performance obligations are satisfied over time. The Company uses an input method to measure progress towards satisfaction. If at any time management determines that in the case of a particular contract total costs will exceed total contract revenue, a provision for the entire anticipated contract loss is recorded at that time. Warranty related revenue In addition to a standard two-year limited warranty against defects, the Company offers customers the option to purchase an extended warranty, a maintenance and monitoring service and/or a performance guarantee. As the standard two-year limited warranty is classified as an assurance-type warranty, based on criteria set forth in ASC 606, it is not accounted for as a separate performance obligation. The extended warranty, maintenance and monitoring service warranty and performance guarantee, however, represent distinct services and are accounted for as separate performance obligations based on a time-lapsed measure of progress resulting in a ratable recognition of revenue over the respective performance period. For these performance obligations, at any time if management determines that in the case of a particular warranty that total costs will exceed total warranty revenue, a provision for the entire anticipated warranty loss is recorded at that time and included in warranty liability on the consolidated balance sheets. Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities The Company recognizes contract assets for certain contracts in which revenue recognition performance obligations have been satisfied, however invoicing to the customer has not yet occurred. Contract liabilities primarily relate to advance consideration received from customers in advance of the Company’s satisfying performance obligations under contractual arrangements. Contract balances are reported in a net contract asset or liability position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Payment terms are generally aligned with meeting various contractual milestones, beginning with purchase order execution and extending through manufacturing release, ready to ship, delivery and commissioning. Practical Expedients and Exemptions As permitted by ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), the Company elected to use certain practical expedients. The Company treats costs associated with obtaining new contracts as expenses when incurred if the amortization period of the asset recognized by the Company is one year or less.
Segments	Segments The Company’s chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) is its Chief Executive Officer and President. Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the CODM in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance. As such, the Company has determined that it operates in one operating and one reportable segment.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation is estimated at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period of the award. For stock option awards, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value. For restricted stock units awards ("RSU") the Company uses the Company's stock price on date of grant to estimate fair value. The Company recognizes compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the award vesting period. Stock options generally have a term of five to ten years and vest over periods ranging from three months to two years. Restricted Stock Units ("RSU") generally vest over periods from one to three years. For awards with performance conditions, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis based on management’s estimation of achievement of performance conditions. The estimated performance conditions primarily relate to achievement of sales and financing targets. The Company recognizes forfeitures as incurred.
Warrant Liability	Warranty liability Warranty obligations are incurred in connection with the sale of the Company’s products. Costs to provide for warranty obligations are estimated and recorded as a liability at the time of recording the sale. Warranty reserves include management’s best estimate of the projected costs to repair or to replace any items under warranty, which is based on various factors, including the use of actual claim data to date, results of lab testing, factory quality data, and field monitoring.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Agreements - Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. This amendment will impact various disclosure areas, including the statement of cash flows, accounting changes and error corrections, earnings per share, debt, equity, derivatives, and transfers of financial assets. The amendments in this ASU 2023-06 will be effective on the date the related disclosures are removed from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K by the SEC, and will no longer be effective if the SEC has not removed the applicable disclosure requirement by June 30, 2027. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact this amendment could have on its disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB released ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires additional disclosures related to the effective tax rate reconciliation and taxes paid. The amendment is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and the Company is currently evaluating the impact on its financial statements and related disclosures.

Income Taxes - Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current expense (benefit):
U.S. federal	$ 0	$ 0
U.S. state and local	0	0
Non-U.S.	31	51
Total current income tax (benefit) provision	31	51
Deferred expense (benefit):
U.S. federal	0	0
U.S. state and local	0	0
Non-U.S.	0	0
Total deferred income tax (benefit) provision	0	0
Total income tax (benefit) provision	$ 31	$ 51

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (229,506)	$ (229,813)
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Stock-based compensation	14,057	13,794
Depreciation and amortization	9,751	6,814
Loss from write-down of property, plant and equipment	7,159	6,846
Amortization of right-of-use assets	1,023	865
Commitment fee for SEPA settled by common stock - related party	0	1,061
Loss on debt extinguishment	3,510	942
Change in fair value of warrants	24,980	(848)
Change in fair value of derivatives - related parties	(9,983)	(10,880)
Other	1,850	(397)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses	1,207	304
Inventory	6,190	(10,284)
Accounts receivable	(1,713)	234
Vendor deposits	(2,377)	6,808
Contract assets	(6,322)	(631)
Grant receivable	(2,993)	0
Accounts payable	(11,475)	19,516
Accrued expenses	19,349	5,079
Accounts payable and accrued expenses-related parties	0	(1,200)
Operating lease liabilities	(1,130)	(785)
Contract liabilities	1,804	3,957
Note payable	0	(19,637)
Other receivables	(7,500)	0
Other	(4,774)	(1,387)
Net cash used in operating activities	(145,018)	(196,857)
Cash flows from investing activities
Investment in notes receivable	0	(261)
Proceeds from notes receivable	0	3,163
Purchases of intangible assets	(138)	0
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(29,323)	(20,072)
Net cash used in investing activities	(29,461)	(17,170)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable – related party, net of discount	48,050	9,310
Proceeds received from the Senior Secured Term Loan, net of discount	0	97,992
Principal payments on finance lease obligations	(96)	(14)
Proceeds from equipment financing facility	0	4,216
Repayment of equipment financing facility	(2,867)	(1,913)
Issuance of common stock and warrants	192,167	43,626
Payment of equity issuance costs	(5,003)	0
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	462	0
Proceeds from exercise of public warrants	0	7
Repurchase of shares from employees for income tax withholding purposes	(633)	(978)
Net cash provided by financing activities	227,918	139,544
Effect of foreign exchange on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	5	14
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	53,444	(74,469)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year	31,223	105,692
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year	84,667	31,223
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Right-of-use operating lease assets in exchange for lease liabilities	718	2,112
Fixed assets acquired with finance lease	125	147
Accrued and unpaid capital expenditures	548	2,626
Issuance of convertible notes for interest paid-in-kind	10,327	6,267
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of Yorkville Convertible Notes	51,023	7,534
Accrued and unpaid debt issuance costs	0	5,536
Supplemental disclosures
Cash paid for interest	15,133	5,766
Nonrelated Party
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Issuance of convertible notes for interest paid-in-kind	4,972	1,886
Cash flows from financing activities
Payment of debt issuance costs	(3,046)	(12,398)
Related Party
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Issuance of convertible notes for interest paid-in-kind	36,903	10,899
Cash flows from financing activities
Payment of debt issuance costs	$ (1,116)	$ (304)

Inventory

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventory

The following table provides information about inventory balances:


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Raw materials	$	15,487	$	22,899
Work-in-process	1,105		361
Finished goods	478		—
Total Inventory, net	$	17,070	$	23,260

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Dec. 31, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events On January 8, 2024, Hi-Power entered into an Amended and Restated Manufacturing Purchase and Supply Agreement (the “Supply Agreement”) with TETRA Technologies, Inc. (“TETRA”), a Delaware corporation, to govern the provision of TETRA PureFlow® zinc bromide and the manufacturing and provision of Eos’s proprietary electrolyte solution (collectively, the “Products”) by TETRA to Eos. Pursuant to the Supply Agreement, TETRA has provided certain volume supply commitments in exchange for serving as Eos’ preferred supplier of the Products. As Eos’s preferred supplier, Eos has agreed to purchase 100% of its requirement of zinc bromide products, including TETRA PureFlow® zinc bromide, and 75% of its requirement of Eos’ proprietary electrolyte solution from TETRA, and has provided TETRA a right of first refusal prior to entering into a supply agreement for such Products from a third-party. The Supply Agreement does not contain any minimum purchase volume requirements. As part of the Supply Agreement, TETRA is granted a non-exclusive, non-sub-licensable, non-transferable license to Hi-Power’s proprietary electrolyte formula, solely in connection with manufacturing and provision of Eos’ proprietary electrolyte solution to Eos. The Supply Agreement expires on December 31, 2027 and contains customary default provisions, liquidated damages, suspension clauses and remedies in the event of any uncured default by Hi-Power. On January 31, 2024, Hi-Power entered into a Pricing Agreement (“Pricing Agreement”) with SHPP US LLC (“Sabic”) to govern the pricing terms for sales of certain resin (the “Product”) to Hi-Power authorized purchasers by Sabic. Pursuant to the Pricing Agreement, Sabic has provided certain pricing commitments in exchange for serving as Hi-Power’s exclusive supplier of the Products. As Hi-Power’s exclusive supplier, Hi-Power has agreed to require that its authorized suppliers purchase 100% of Hi-Power’s requirement of Product from Sabic. The Pricing Agreement also contains certain minimum purchase volume requirements, in exchange for which Sabic granted Hi-Power and/or its authorized suppliers the exclusive right to purchase the Product within the market space of zinc-bromine bi-polar electrodes for use in stationary utility storage. The Pricing Agreement expires on December 31, 2028. On February 1, 2024, the Company entered into a binding Settlement Term Sheet (the “Settlement”) to resolve a pending stockholder class complaint brought by Richard Delman in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware the (“Delman Complaint”) against certain of the Company’s former directors that served prior to the Company’s business combination transaction in 2020. Neither the Company or Eos Energy Storage LLC was named as a defendant in the complaint, but each was identified as a relevant non-party and the Company owes certain indemnification obligations relating to the lawsuit to the Company’s former directors. Pursuant to the Settlement, the Delman Plaintiff agreed to resolve the Delman Complaint in exchange for a settlement payment of $8,500, consisting of cash payments previously made by the Company of approximately $1,000 and an additional cash payment of approximately $7,500 funded by the Company’s D&O liability insurance policies. The settlement is subject to confirmatory discovery and approval by the Court of Chancery.

Fair Value Measurement - Schedule of Assumptions used to determine Fair Value of Warrants (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares	Dec. 14, 2023 $ / shares	May 15, 2023 $ / shares	Apr. 12, 2023 $ / shares
Time to expiration \| April 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Time to expiration	4 years 9 months 14 days			5 years 6 months 3 days
Time to expiration \| May 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Time to expiration	4 years 6 months 14 days		5 years 2 months 1 day
Time to expiration \| December 2023 Private Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Time to expiration	4 years 11 months 15 days	5 years
Common stock price \| April 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	1.09			2.61
Common stock price \| May 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	1.09		2.31
Common stock price \| December 2023 Private Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	1.09	1.32
Risk-free interest rate \| April 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.038			0.034
Risk-free interest rate \| May 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.038		0.034
Risk-free interest rate \| December 2023 Private Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.038	0.039
Volatility \| April 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.700			0.700
Volatility \| May 2023 warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.700		0.700
Volatility \| December 2023 Private Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.700	0.700

Borrowings - Schedule of Equipment Financing Facility (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended		16 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gross Amount of Initial Draw			$ 0	$ 4,216
Equipment financing facility \| Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gross Amount of Initial Draw	$ 4,216	$ 7,000			$ 11,216
Coupon Interest Rate	16.20%	14.30%
Debt Issuance Costs	$ 96	$ 175		$ 271	$ 271

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-3

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 69B
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69B

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 470
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 69C
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481568/470-20-55-69C

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 470
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-Subparagraph (d)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1D

Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E

Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E

Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E

Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1F

Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1F

Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 1F
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1F

Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

+ Details

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash - Narrative (Details)	Jul. 29, 2022 interest_payment
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Number of immediately following interest payment required to be escrowed	4

Revenue Recognition (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Revenue Recognition

The Company's revenues comprised of the following:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Product revenue	$	16,151	$	17,429
Service revenue	227		495
Total revenues	$	16,378	$	17,924

Schedule of Information about Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Contract assets	$	8,322	$	2,000
Contract liabilities	$	6,610	$	4,806

Warrants Liability

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Warrants Liability

The Company has issued private placement warrants to various counterparties since the initial public offering (“IPO”), some of which are exercisable and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

In April 2023, the Company issued 16,000,000 shares of common stock and 16,000,000 private placement warrants to purchase shares of common stock, and in May 2023, the Company issued another 3,601,980 shares of common stock and 3,601,980 private placement warrants to purchase shares of common stock (the “April 2023 Transaction” and “May 2023 Transaction”, respectively). The proceeds from the April 2023 Transaction and May 2023 Transaction were $40,000, and $8,000, respectively. The fair value of the warrants and common stock for the April 2023 Transaction and May 2023 Transaction at issuance was $66,366 and $13,267, respectively, which was greater than the proceeds. As such, the Company recorded the excess as losses in the amounts of $26,366 and $5,267, respectively, as a component of change in fair value of warrants in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company paid $2,328 in underwriting fees at closing related to the Transactions.

The April 2023 Transaction and the May 2023 Transactions at issuance were considered a related party transaction due to the number of common shares and warrants issued. The ownership percentage exceeded the thresholds defined by SEC and US GAAP for a related party. However, as of December 31, 2023, all shareholders and warrant holders did not exceed the related party threshold. As such, the warrants liability as disclosed on the consolidated balance sheets and elsewhere in this document are not classified as related party.

In December 2023, the Company issued in a combined public offering (i) 34,482,759 shares of its common stock and (ii) accompanying common warrants to purchase one share of common stock for each share of common stock sold (the "December 2023 Public Offering"). The gross proceeds to the Company from the December 2023 Public Offering were $50,000, before deducting underwriting fees at closing. The offering price for each share of common stock and accompanying warrant was $1.45. The fair value of the warrants and common stock for the December 2023 Public Offering at issuance was $71,294, which was greater than the proceeds. As such, the Company recorded the excess as losses in the amount of $21,294, as a component of change in fair value of warrants in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company paid $2,500 in underwriting fees at closing and incurred an additional $175 in legal fees related to the offering.

The 2023 warrants do not qualify for equity classification guidance in ASC 815-40 and are measured at fair value at each reporting period.

The amount of warrants outstanding and fair value for all warrants as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:


	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
	Warrants Outstanding	Fair Value		Warrants Outstanding	Fair Value
IPO warrants	274,400	$	55	325,000	$	78
April 2023 warrants	16,000,000	6,276		—	—
May 2023 warrants	3,601,980	1,544		—	—
December 2023 warrants	34,482,759	19,586		—	—
Total	54,359,139	$	27,461	325,000	$	78

For all warrants in aggregate, the change in fair value for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 has been recognized in change in fair value of warrants on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The fair value for the warrants are included in warrants liability on the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 15, Fair Value Measurements for further information.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 69,473	$ 17,076
Restricted cash - current	3,439	2,725
Long-term restricted cash	11,755	11,422
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$ 84,667	$ 31,223	$ 105,692

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net - Components of Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 55,887	$ 39,129
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(18,032)	(11,960)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	37,855	27,169
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 20,559	23,653
Equipment \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	5 years
Equipment \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	10 years
Finance lease
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 504	379
Useful lives	5 years
Furniture
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 2,103	1,868
Furniture \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	5 years
Furniture \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	10 years
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 7,718	6,303
Tooling
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 7,045	6,926
Tooling \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	2 years
Tooling \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful lives	3 years
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 17,958	$ 0

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	69,473	$	17,076
Restricted cash - current	3,439		2,725
Long-term restricted cash	11,755		11,422
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	84,667	$	31,223

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	69,473	$	17,076
Restricted cash - current	3,439		2,725
Long-term restricted cash	11,755		11,422
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	84,667	$	31,223

Shareholders' Deficit (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Antidilutive Shares Excluded from Calculation of Earnings Per Share

The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2023	2022
Stock options and restricted stock units	9,675,085	7,340,702
Warrants	61,411,393	7,326,654
Convertible Notes	16,226,124	7,422,371

Inventory (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Inventories

The following table provides information about inventory balances:


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Raw materials	$	15,487	$	22,899
Work-in-process	1,105		361
Finished goods	478		—
Total Inventory, net	$	17,070	$	23,260

Inventory (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 15,487	$ 22,899
Work-in-process	1,105	361
Finished goods	478	0
Total Inventory, net	$ 17,070	$ 23,260

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Income (Losses) Before Income Taxes

Net income (losses) before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2023		2022
U.S.	$	(229,585)	$	(229,923)
Non-U.S.	110		161
Total income (loss) before income tax	$	(229,475)	$	(229,762)

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Income tax expense (benefit) was as follows:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Current expense (benefit):
U.S. federal	$	—	$	—
U.S. state and local	—		—
Non-U.S.	31		51
Total current income tax (benefit) provision	$	31	$	51
Deferred expense (benefit):
U.S. federal	$	—	$	—
U.S. state and local	—		—
Non-U.S.	—		—
Total deferred income tax (benefit) provision	—		—
Total income tax (benefit) provision	$	31	$	51

Schedule of Reconciliation from Statutory U.S. Federal Income Tax Rate to Effective Tax Rate

The reconciliation from the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to the effective tax rate is as follows:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(229,475)	$	(229,762)

Statutory U.S. federal income tax (21%)	(48,190)		(48,250)
State and local income tax	330		(12,051)
Income taxed at rates other than statutory	8		17
Non-deductible convertible debt	8,420		(2,220)
Non-deductible warrant cost	(5)		(178)
Stock-based compensation	1,687		1,622
Non-deductible officers compensation	2,580		—
Valuation allowance	34,821		60,444
Other	380		667
Total income tax expense	$	31	$	51
Effective tax rate	—		—

Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Deferred tax assets:
NOL carryforwards	$	152,380	$	121,142
Capital loss carryforwards	235		235
Tax credit carryforwards	65		65
Goodwill	6,735		7,427
Capitalized research & experimental costs	8,213		3,952
Stock-based compensation	3,819		4,819
Accruals and reserves	2,503		1,678
Organizational costs	124		140
Lease liability	1,309		1,413
Fixed assets	268		316

Inventory	977		663
Transaction costs	244		266
Deferred tax assets, gross	$	176,872	$	142,116
Valuation allowance	(175,680)		(140,858)
Total deferred tax assets, net	$	1,192	$	1,258
Deferred tax liabilities:

Right of use asset	(1,144)		(1,194)

Intangibles	(41)		(63)
Other	(7)		(1)
Deferred tax liabilities	(1,192)		(1,258)
Total deferred tax asset (liability)	$	—	$	—

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Associated with Uncertain Tax Positions

The Company has unrecognized tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 as follows:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of January 1	$	685	$	719
Additions:
Current year tax positions	—		—
Prior year tax positions	—		—
Rate change	(5)		(34)
Settlements	—		—
Lapse of statute of limitations	—		—
Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31	$	680	$	685

Warrants Liability - Schedule of Common Stock Warrants Outstanding and Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in shares)	54,359,139	325,000
Fair Value	$ 27,461	$ 78
IPO warrants \| Related Party \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in shares)	274,400	325,000
Fair Value	$ 55	$ 78
April 2023 warrants \| Related Party \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in shares)	16,000,000	0
Fair Value	$ 6,276	$ 0
May 2023 warrants \| Related Party \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in shares)	3,601,980	0
Fair Value	$ 1,544	$ 0
December 2023 warrants \| Related Party \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in shares)	34,482,759	0
Fair Value	$ 19,586	$ 0

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock compensation expense	$ 14,057	$ 13,794
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock compensation expense	2,468	3,002
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock compensation expense	$ 11,589	$ 10,792

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 35
-Paragraph 1D
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-1D

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 35
-Paragraph 3
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-3

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)(1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)(3)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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+ Details