0001805077-24-000109 | 10-Q | XBRL Viewer | EOS Energy Enterprises INC

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Notes Receivable, Net and Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) Consideration	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]
Notes Receivable, Net and Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) Consideration	Notes Receivable, Net and Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) Consideration Notes receivable, net, relates to financing the Company offered to a customer. The Company reports the notes receivable at the principal balance outstanding less an allowance for losses. The estimate of credit losses is based on historical trends, the customer’s financial condition and current economic trends. The Company charges interest at a fixed rate and calculates interest income by applying the effective rate to the outstanding principal balance. The Company had notes receivable, net, of $847 and $863 outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. These amounts are included in Other assets, net and Other current assets in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the allowance for expected credit loss related to the notes receivable amounted to $37 and $2, respectively. The customer to whom the Company offers financing through notes receivable is a VIE. However, the Company is not the primary beneficiary, because the Company does not have power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. Therefore, the VIE is not consolidated into the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The maximum loss exposure is limited to the carrying value of notes receivable as of the balances sheet dates.

Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
Income Taxes	Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Income tax (benefit) expense was $(16) and $13 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and $17 and $25 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 respectively, related to state margin tax adjustments and taxable earnings from foreign operations. The income tax expense differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% to the loss before income taxes. This is due to non-deductible losses, foreign operations and pre-tax losses for which no tax benefit can be recognized for U.S. income tax purposes. The Company estimates and applies the annual effective tax rate to its ordinary earnings each interim period. Any significant unusual or infrequent items are not included in the estimation of the annual effective tax rate; instead, these items and their related income tax expense are separately stated in the interim period in which they occur. The quarterly estimate of the annual effective tax rate and related tax expense is subject to variation due to a multitude of factors, including, but are not limited to, the inability to accurately predict the Company’s pre-tax and taxable income and loss. At each balance sheet date, management assesses the likelihood that the Company will be able to realize its deferred tax assets. Management considered all available positive and negative evidence in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. The realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character and in the appropriate taxing jurisdiction during the future periods in which the related temporary differences become deductible. Management has determined that it is unlikely that the Company will be able to utilize its U.S. deferred tax assets at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to cumulative losses. Therefore, the Company has a valuation allowance against its net U.S. deferred tax assets. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has unrecognized tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions that, if recognized, would not affect the effective tax rate on income from continuing operations. The Company is not currently under examination by any taxing jurisdiction and none of the unrecognized tax benefits are expected to reverse within the next 12 months. The Company files income tax returns in U.S. federal and various state jurisdictions, as well as in Italy and India. The open tax years for federal returns are 2020 and forward and open tax years for state returns are generally 2019 and forward. In addition, net operating losses generated in closed years and utilized in open years are subject to adjustment by the tax authorities.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income tax.

+ References

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+ Details

Notes Receivable, Net and Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) Consideration (Details) - Variable Interest Entity, not primary beneficiary - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Loan commitment on the consolidated balance sheet	$ 847	$ 863
Financing receivable, allowance for credit loss	$ 37	$ 2

- Definition

Amount of allowance for credit loss on financing receivable. Excludes allowance for financing receivable covered under loss sharing agreement.

+ References + Details

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

Borrowings - Narrative (Details)										3 Months Ended		5 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
Borrowings - Narrative (Details)	Jun. 30, 2025 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2025 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Nov. 01, 2024 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Aug. 29, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 21, 2024 USD ($) tranche	Jul. 29, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Jan. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 18, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Jul. 06, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt													$ 98,575,000	$ 0
Loss on fair value of loans										$ (3,036,000)	$ 0		(3,276,000)	0
Change in fair value of debt - credit risk										4,642,000	0		4,642,000	0
Interest payable										$ 3,097,000			$ 3,097,000		$ 0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares										$ 0.0001			$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Long-term debt, current										$ 2,536,000			$ 2,536,000		$ 3,332,000
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes - related party													0	48,050,000
Gain (loss) on debt extinguishment										0	0		68,478,000	(3,510,000)
Principal										250,919,000			250,919,000		238,962,000
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal								$ 210,500,000
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt						$ 30,000,000	$ 30,000,000	75,000,000
Proceeds from issuance of unsecured debt, net of original issue discount							$ 28,500,000	$ 71,250,000
Stated interest rate								15.00%
Percentage of additional debt instrument, interest rate								5.00%
Percentage of original issue discount							5.00%	5.00%
Percentage of debt exit fee								5.00%
Restricted cash minimum liquidity requirement amount										2,500,000			2,500,000
Restricted cash minimum liquidity requirement amount, after first tranche funding													5,000,000
Restricted cash minimum liquidity requirement increases										15,000,000			15,000,000
Maturity period								5 years
Number of days prior to current maturity date								91 days
Percentage of debt milestones penalty								4.00%
Percentage of debt milestones penalty, net								16.00%
Debt instrument, milestones penalty percentage								45.00%
Percentage of credit agreement								33.00%
Debt instrument, writ or warrant excess amount								$ 2,500,000
Fair value of loans						$ 12,528,000		$ 25,653,000		46,099,000			46,099,000
Loss on fair value of loans										(3,036,000)			(3,276,000)
Principal										108,626,000			108,626,000		0
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Subsequent event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt				$ 65,000,000	$ 65,000,000
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of additional debt instrument, interest rate								1.00%
Credit agreement approval term								90 days
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of additional debt instrument, interest rate								5.00%
Credit agreement approval term								240 days
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt		$ 40,500,000
Delayed Draw Term Loan (DDTL), Additional Funding \| Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of remaining tranches \| tranche								2
2021 Convertible Note Payable \| Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal																			$ 100,000,000
Interest payable										1,789,000	0		1,789,000	0
Interest incurred and included in principal amount													3,474,000	3,275,000
Embedded conversion feature										388,000			388,000		78,000
Non-cash interest expense - related party										3,667,000	3,183,000		10,563,000	9,153,000
Amortization of debt discount										1,713,000	1,365,000		4,832,000	3,822,000
Principal										119,289,000			119,289,000		115,815,000
AFG Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value of loans																	$ 16,623,000
Interest payable										1,308,000			1,308,000		0
Interest incurred and included in principal amount													2,309,000	1,640,000
Non-cash interest expense - related party														2,873,000
AFG Convertible Notes \| Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares																	$ 0.0001
Conversion price per unit (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares																	$ 1.67
AFG Convertible Notes \| Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal																$ 13,750,000	$ 13,750,000
Paid-in-kind interest rate																26.50%	26.50%
Embedded conversion feature										17,621,000			17,621,000		4,345,000
Non-cash interest expense - related party										1,624,000	1,266,000		4,491,000	3,364,000
Amortization of debt discount										246,000	192,000		682,000	550,000
Principal										19,738,000			19,738,000		17,429,000
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Minimum \| SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate spread									0.2616%
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Minimum \| NYFRB
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate spread									0.50%
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal									$ 100,000,000
Number of days prior to current maturity date									91 days
Interest escrowed for loan															11,755,000
Principal										0			0		100,000,000
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Atlas Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal								$ 100,000,000
Number of days prior to current maturity date								91 days
Interest escrowed for loan								$ 11,900,000
Debt instrument, participation lieu payments								1,000,000
Payment for debt extinguishment cost								8,000,000
Gain (loss) on restructuring of debt								$ 68,478,000
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Forecast \| Insurer Letter Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payment for debt extinguishment cost	$ 4,000,000		$ 3,000,000
Senior Secured Term Loan \| SOFR Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Variable rate spread									8.50%
Senior Secured Term Loan \| ABR Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate									7.50%
Equipment financing facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Non-cash interest expense - related party										148,000	$ 265,000		535,000	874,000
Long-term line of credit										3,262,000			3,262,000		5,710,000
Long-term debt, current										2,536,000			2,536,000		3,332,000
Equipment financing facility \| Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility borrowing capacity																		$ 25,000,000
Principal										$ 3,266,000			$ 3,266,000		5,718,000
Yorkville Convertible Promissory Note \| Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes - related party												$ 37,000,000
Amortization of debt discount														$ 17,572,000
Converted instrument, shares issued (in shares) \| shares														22,947,029
Gain (loss) on debt extinguishment														$ (3,510,000)
Principal															$ 0
Embedded Derivatives - Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes \| Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amortization of debt discount														$ (6,922,000)

Subsequent Events (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands						9 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Oct. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Aug. 29, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 21, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt \| $						$ 98,575	$ 0
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) \| shares						0		0
Preferred stock issued per unit (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt \| $			$ 30,000	$ 30,000	$ 75,000
Percentage of original issue discount				5.00%	5.00%
Subsequent event \| Common Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of common shares issuable upon conversion of Preferred Series B-3 shares (in shares) \| shares	38,259,864
Aggregate shares of common stock issuable upon exercise or conversion of equity instruments (in shares) \| shares	142,282,584
Applicable percentage (percent)	0.309
Subsequent event \| Series B-3 Preferred Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) \| shares	38.259864
Preferred stock issued per unit (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Subsequent event \| Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt \| $	$ 65,000	$ 65,000
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt, net of original issue discount \| $	$ 61,750
Subsequent event \| Non-voting Series B-3 Convertible Preferred Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Applicable percentage increased	6.10%

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$ (417,746)	$ (188,298)
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Stock-based compensation	10,940	10,123
Depreciation and amortization	5,259	7,316
(Gain) loss on debt extinguishment	(68,478)	3,510
Loss from write-down of property, plant and equipment	3,528	7,151
Amortization of right-of-use assets	974	737
Change in fair value of debt - related party	3,276	0
Change in fair value of warrants	71,510	24,957
Change in fair value of derivatives - related parties	260,227	962
Other	4,858	639
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses	7	1,474
Inventory	(8,838)	2,692
Accounts receivable	189	96
Vendor deposits	(449)	(4,044)
Contract assets	(4,729)	(471)
Grant receivable	1,750	(934)
Accounts payable	1,136	(17,770)
Accrued expenses	1,038	12,258
Interest payable - related party	3,097	2,706
Operating lease liabilities	(1,117)	(830)
Contract liabilities	5,414	(565)
Other	604	(3,346)
Net cash used in operating activities	(111,252)	(107,578)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of intangible assets	(8)	0
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(20,054)	(21,186)
Net cash used in investing activities	(20,062)	(21,186)
Cash flows from financing activities
Principal payments on finance lease obligations	(89)	(93)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants	463	442
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes - related party	0	48,050
Proceeds from Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction	98,575	0
Repayment of equipment financing facility	(2,447)	(2,110)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	14,089	81,897
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants	0	49,250
Repurchase of shares from employees for income tax withholding purposes	(1,122)	(587)
Net cash provided by financing activities	77,285	170,607
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	2	(5)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(54,027)	41,838
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of the period	84,667	31,223
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of the period	30,640	73,061
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Accrued and unpaid capital expenditures	3,216	0
Issuance of convertible notes for interest paid in kind	5,783	4,915
Accretion of Preferred Stock	64,938	0
Fixed assets acquired with finance lease	0	125
Right-of-use operating lease assets in exchange for lease liabilities	0	363
Issuance of common stock upon settlement of Yorkville convertible notes	0	51,023
Accrued and unpaid capitalized internal-use software	0	130
Supplemental disclosures
Cash paid for interest	4,279	11,269
Nonrelated Party
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Non-cash interest expense	5,117	3,820
Cash flows from financing activities
Payment of debt issuance costs - related party	(12,238)	(1,116)
Payoff of Senior Secured Term Loan	(19,946)	0
Related Party
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Non-cash interest expense	11,181	30,239
Change in fair value of derivatives - related parties	260,227	962
Cash flows from financing activities
Payment of debt issuance costs	0	(3,046)
Payment of debt issuance costs - related party	$ 0	$ (2,080)

Fair Value Measurement

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurement

Accounting standards establish a hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, contract assets, contract liabilities and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

The following tables set forth the Company's financial liabilities measured at fair values based on the fair value hierarchy, as described above. These should also be read with Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.


	September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities
SPA Warrant (a)	$	—	$	—	$	115,244	$	—	$	—	$	—
Contingent warrants (a)	$	—	$	—	$	151,805	$	—	$	—	$	—
IPO, April, May and December 2023 Warrants (b)	$	—	$	54	$	98,917	$	—	$	55	$	27,406
Delayed Draw Term Loan	$	—	$	—	$	46,099	$	—	$	—	$	—
Embedded derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	18,009	$	—	$	—	$	4,423
Total liabilities	—		$	54	$	430,074	$	—	$	55	$	31,829

(a) Included in Warrants liability - Related party on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(b) All these instruments are Level 3, except for the IPO warrants (Level 2). These are included in Warrants liability on the Unaudited

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Each of the following recurring level 2 and level 3 instruments’ valuation model used to determine fair value is disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

IPO Warrants

The IPO warrants are valued on the basis of the quoted price of the Company’s public warrants, adjusted for insignificant difference between the public warrants and the private placement warrants.

April 2023 warrants, May 2023 warrants and December 2023 warrants

The April 2023 warrants, May 2023 warrants and December 2023 warrants all are valued using the Black-Scholes model at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. This model incorporates inputs such as the stock price of the Company, risk-free interest rate, volatility and time to expiration. The volatility is a significant unobservable input classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Embedded derivatives

The Company estimated the fair value of the embedded conversion features in the 2021 Convertible Note and the AFG Convertible Notes using a binomial lattice model at inception and on subsequent measurement dates. This model incorporates significant inputs such as the stock price of the Company, dividend yield, risk-free interest rate, debt yield and expected volatility. The volatility and debt yield are significant unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Accounting for instruments resulting from the Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction

The Loan commitment assets were measured at fair value as of June 21, 2024 (see Note 3, Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction). The fair value was $76,091 at issuance calculated using the discounted cash flow model. They will not be subsequently remeasured at fair value.

The following table summarizes instruments that were initially and subsequently measured at fair value. (see Note 3, Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction):


Instrument						Initial measurement date
Initial Draw of the Delayed Draw Term Loan						6/21/2024
SPA Warrant						6/21/2024
Contingent Warrants						6/21/2024
August Draw of the Delayed Draw Term Loan						8/29/2024

The fair value of each draw of the Delayed Draw Term Loan was estimated using a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method, based on the contractual cash flows discounted at a debt yield and considering the probability of achieving certain milestones.

The fair value for the SPA warrant is estimated based on its intrinsic value, using the Eos common stock closing price adjusted by a discount for lack of marketability (“DLOM”), less the exercise price of $0.01 for the SPA Warrant. A DLOM was applied considering the underlying shares of the SPA Warrants are unregistered.

The fair value of the Contingent Warrants is estimated based on the underlying Eos common stock closing price adjusted by a DLOM and an allowance for certain redemption features using Black-Scholes option pricing model, considering the probability of achieving certain milestones. A DLOM was applied considering the underlying shares of the Contingent Warrants are unregistered.

The fair values for all the above instruments are designated as level 3 measurements as they rely on significant unobservable inputs. The significant unobservable inputs for each of these instruments are disclosed in the tables below. All other inputs used are observable.

Quantitative information about all significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for non-recurring level 3 measurements:


Loan Commitment Assets:	June 21, 2024
Milestones achievement expectations	Very high probability
Debt yield	47.5	%

Quantitative information about all significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for recurring level 3 measurements:



Delayed Draw Term Loan Initial Tranche	June 21, 2024		September 30, 2024
Debt yield	47.5	%	42.5	%

Contingent Warrants- all tranches	June 21, 2024		September 30, 2024
Milestones achievement expectations	Very high probability		Very high probability
Volatility	70.0	%	65.0	%
Discount for lack of marketability (“DLOM”)	10.0	%	10.0	%

SPA Warrant	June 21, 2024		September 30, 2024
Discount for lack of marketability (“DLOM”)	10.0	%	10.0	%


Delayed Draw Term Loan August Draw	August 31, 2024		September 30, 2024
Debt yield	42.5	%	42.5	%

Level 3 Rollforward for Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of liabilities that are included within the Company’s accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and are designated as Level 3:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Delayed Draw Term Loan
Balance at beginning of the period	25,893		$	—	—		$	—
Additions- August Draw	12,528		—		38,181		—
Change in fair value of Term Loan	7,678		—		7,918		—
Balance at end of the period	$	46,099	$	—	$	46,099	$	—

SPA Warrant and Contingent Warrants
Balance at beginning of the period	$	141,296	$	—	$	—	$	—
Additions	—		—		95,094		—
Conversion to preferred stock	(74,686)		—		(74,686)		—
Change in fair value of warrants	200,439		—		246,641		—
Balance at end of the period	$	267,049	$	—	$	267,049	$	—

April, May, and December 2023 Warrants
Balance at beginning of the period	$	32,450	$	56,905	$	27,406	$	—
Additions	—		—		—		29,553
Change in fair value of warrants	66,466		(34,065)		71,510		(6,713)
Balance at end of the period	$	98,916	$	22,840	$	98,916	$	22,840


Embedded derivatives
Balance at beginning of the period	$	5,414	$	42,767	$	4,423	$	1,945
Additions	—		—		—		42,191
Change in fair value of derivatives - related parties1	12,595		(27,398)		13,586		(28,767)
Balance at end of the period	$	18,009	$	15,369	$	18,009	$	15,369

1 Includes loss on debt extinguishment from Yorkville Promissory Note conversions for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The estimated fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was as follows:


	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Notes receivable	$	847	$	743	$	863	$	719
Loan commitment assets	58,525		53,274		—		—
2021 Convertible Note*	103,469		72,680		94,386		57,998
Senior Secured Term Loan	—		—		85,624		61,360
AFG Convertible Notes*	34,598		35,103		18,139		18,352
Equipment financing facility	3,262		2,918		5,710		4,826
Preferred Stock	156,069		168,668		—		—
Total	$	356,770	$	333,386	$	204,722	$	143,255

*Includes the embedded derivative liabilities.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 820
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 107
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 820
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 100
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1

+ Details

Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued payroll	$ 7,524	$ 4,553
Warranty reserve	4,695	6,197
Accrued legal and professional expenses	11,468	10,710
Provision for contract losses	3,692	3,351
Insurance premium payable	0	2,605
Other	10,386	4,916
Total accrued expenses	37,765	$ 32,332
Insurer letter agreement, other accrued liabilities, current	$ 7,000

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses were as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued payroll	$	7,524	$	4,553
Warranty reserve (2)	4,695		6,197
Accrued legal and professional expenses	11,468		10,710
Provision for contract losses	3,692		3,351
Insurance premium payable	—		2,605

Other (1)	10,386		4,916
Total accrued expenses	$	37,765	$	32,332

(1) Included in Other accrued expenses in the table above as of September 30, 2024, is $7,000 payable in accordance with the Insurer Letter Agreement.

See Note 3, Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction for further discussion.

(2) Refer to the table below for the warranty reserve activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Schedule of Warranty Reserve Activity

The following table summarizes warranty reserve activity:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Warranty reserve - beginning of period	$	5,054	$	4,421	$	6,197	3,836
Additions for current period deliveries	61		58		326		455
Changes in the warranty reserve estimate	—		416		(1,150)		1,124
Warranty costs incurred	(420)		—		(678)		(520)
Warranty reserve - end of period	$	4,695	$	4,895	$	4,695	$	4,895

Fair Value Measurement - Assumptions used to determine Fair Value of Warrants and Debt Instruments (Details) - Level 3	Sep. 30, 2024	Aug. 31, 2024	Jun. 21, 2024
SPA Warrant and Contingent Warrants \| Volatility
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.650		0.700
SPA Warrant \| Discount for lack of marketability (“DLOM”)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.100		0.100
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Debt yield
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt instrument, measurement input	0.425	0.425	0.475
Loan Commitment Assets \| Debt yield
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt instrument, measurement input			0.475

Warrants Liability - Schedule of Common Stock Warrants Outstanding and Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares)	54,069,485	54,359,139
Fair Value	$ 98,970	$ 27,461
Related Party
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 267,049	$ 0
Related Party \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares)	1	0
Fair Value	$ 267,049	$ 0
IPO warrants \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares)	274,400	274,400
Fair Value	$ 54	$ 55
April 2023 warrants \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares)	16,000,000	16,000,000
Fair Value	$ 24,178	$ 6,276
May 2023 warrants \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares)	3,601,980	3,601,980
Fair Value	$ 5,917	$ 1,544
December 2023 warrants \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares)	34,193,105	34,482,759
Fair Value	$ 68,821	$ 19,586
SPA Warrant \| Related Party \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares)	1	0
Fair Value	$ 115,244	$ 0
SPA Warrant and Contingent Warrants \| Related Party \| Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Fair Value	$ 151,805	$ 0

Related Party Transactions	9 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions	Sep. 30, 2024
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party Transactions 2021 Convertible Note Payable In July 2021, the Company issued a convertible note in the aggregate principal amount of $100,000 to Spring Creek Capital, LLC, a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of Koch Industries, Inc. (the “2021 Convertible Note”). In connection with the 2021 Convertible Note, the Company paid $3,000 to B. Riley Securities, Inc., a related party, who acted as a placement agent. Refer to Note 13, Borrowings, for additional information. AFG Convertible Notes In January 2023, the Company issued and sold $13,750 of 26.5% Convertible Senior PIK Notes due in 2026 (“AFG Convertible Notes”) to Great American Insurance Company, Ardsley Partners Renewable Energy, LP, CCI SPV III, LP, Denman Street LLC, John B. Bending Irrevocable Children’s Trust, John B. Berding and AE Convert, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company managed by Russell Stidolph, a director of the Company (together, the “AFG Convertible Notes Purchasers”). In connection with the issuance and sale of the AFG Convertible Notes, the Company entered into an investment agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with the AFG Convertible Notes Purchasers. Refer to Note 13, Borrowings, for additional information. Standby Equity Purchase Agreement On April 28, 2022, the Company entered into the Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (“SEPA”). Pursuant to the SEPA, the Company had the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Yorkville shares of its common stock at the Company’s request. On August 23, 2023, the Company and Yorkville terminated the SEPA, as amended, by mutual written consent. See Note 13, Borrowings for pre-advance loans in form of convertible promissory notes and Note 19, Shareholders' Deficit for additional information. Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction Pursuant to the terms and conditions of Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction, Cerberus and CCM Denali Equity Holdings, LP, are considered related parties as result of the transactions. Refer to Note 3, Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction for detailed discussion.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-2

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-5

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-6

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477968/946-235-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477968/946-235-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(g)(3))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(e))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/850/tableOfContent

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-6

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

+ Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	9 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Equity interest ownership percentage	100.00%

Warrants Liability - Narrative (Details) - $ / shares		1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Warrants Liability - Narrative (Details) - $ / shares	Jun. 21, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	May 31, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	May 22, 2020
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)									9,075,000
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)									$ 11.50
Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)						28,938,944	16,627,523	72,171,861
Related Party \| Common Stock \| April 2023 warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)				16,000,000
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)				16,000,000
Related Party \| Common Stock \| May 2023 warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)			3,601,980
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)			3,601,980
Related Party \| Common Stock \| December 2023 warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)		34,482,759
Warrants exercised in period (in shares)					289,654		289,654
Related Party \| Common Stock \| SPA Warrant
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Common stock to be purchased through each warrant (in shares)	43,276,194
Warrants term	10 years
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01
Warrant conversion cap increases percentage	49.90%
Related Party \| Common Stock \| SPA Warrant \| CCM Denali Equity Holdings, LP
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Ownership percentage					19.90%		19.90%
Related Party \| Common Stock \| SPA Warrant and Contingent Warrants \| CCM Denali Equity Holdings, LP
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	33.00%

Intangible Assets	9 Months Ended
Intangible Assets	Sep. 30, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Intangible Assets	Intangible Assets Intangible assets include patents valued at $400, which represents the cost to acquire the patents. These patents are determined to have useful lives and are amortized into the results of operations over ten years. The Company recorded amortization expense of $10 for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023 and $30 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, related to patents. The Company capitalized $146 of costs for internal-use software, including $8 of costs capitalized during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The software has a useful life and is amortized into the results of operations over 3 years. The Company recorded amortization expense of $12 and $11 for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023 and $36 and $31 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively, related to software.

Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Capitalized cost	$ 146		$ 146
Additional capitalized cost			8
Amortization of capitalized computer software cost	12	$ 11	36	$ 31
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross patents value	$ 400		$ 400
Patents useful lives	10 years		10 years
Patents amortization expenses	$ 10	$ 10	$ 30	$ 30
Software
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Patents useful lives	3 years		3 years

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

Revenue Recognition (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Revenue Recognition

Product revenues, which are generally recognized at a point in time, and service revenues, which are generally recognized over time, are as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Product revenue	$	368	$	662	$	7,465	$	9,586
Service revenue	486		22		888		182
Total revenues	$	854	$	684	$	8,353	$	9,768

Schedule of Information about Contract Assets and Liabilities from Contracts with Customers

The following table provides information about contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers. Contract assets, current, Contract liabilities, current and Contract liabilities, long-term are included separately on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and contract assets expected to be recognized in greater than twelve months are included under Other assets, net.


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contract assets	$	13,051	$	8,322
Contract liabilities	$	12,024	$	6,610

The following table provides information about changes in Contract liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	2024
Contract liabilities, beginning of the period	$	6,610
Revenue recognized	(8,128)
Advance payments received from customers	7,457
Unbilled accounts receivable	6,085
Contract liabilities, end of the period	$	12,024

Subsequent Events	9 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Sep. 30, 2024
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events On October 31, 2024, the Company announced the achievement of all four of the second performance milestones previously agreed upon between Eos and Cerberus. Achieving these performance milestones enables the company to draw an additional $65,000 from the Delayed Draw Term Loan. On November 1, 2024, Cerberus funded the $65,000 related to the October 31, 2024 tranche (“October Draw” or “October Tranche”), and the Company received $61,750, which is net of the 5.0% original issue discount from the Delayed Draw Term Loan. Additionally, on November 1, 2024, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware the Certificate of Designation of Series B-3 Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company (the “Series B-3 Certificate of Designation”). In connection with the October Draw, the Applicable Percentage increased by 6.1%, and as a result the Company issued to Cerberus 38.259864 shares of a newly designated non-voting Series B-3 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B-3 Preferred Stock”), which are convertible into an aggregate of 38,259,864 shares of Common Stock. Collectively, the SPA Warrant, the Series B Preferred Stock, and the newly created Series B-3 Preferred Stock are exercisable or convertible into, as applicable, an aggregate of 142,282,584 shares of Common Stock, or an Applicable Percentage of 30.9% as of issuance date.

Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction

Credit and Guaranty Agreement (“Credit Agreement”)

Delayed Draw Term Loan

As previously disclosed in the June 30, 2024 Form 10-Q filed with the SEC, on June 21, 2024, the Company entered into a credit and guaranty agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with CCM Denali Debt Holdings, LP, an affiliate of Cerberus Capital Management LP (herein after referred to as “Cerberus”, “Denali”, “Lender”, “Holder”). As a result of this transaction, Cerberus agreed to provide a $210,500 secured multi-draw facility to be made in four installments (“tranches”, and collectively, the (“Delayed Draw Term Loan” or “DDTL”) as well as a $105,000 revolving credit facility (“Revolving Facility”), to be made available at the Lenders’ sole discretion and only if the Delayed Draw Term Loan is fully funded. On June 21, 2024 the initial $75,000 installment was funded (the “Initial Draw”). On August 29, 2024, the full amount of the August tranche of $30,000 was funded. Subsequently the October 31, 2024 tranche for the full $65,000 was funded (see FN 21 - Subsequent Events) for further discussion. The remaining tranche in the amount of $40,500 is scheduled for funding on January 31, 2025, if the performance milestones are met per the terms and conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement.

Securities Purchase Agreement

On June 21, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) with CCM Denali Equity Holdings, LP (the “Purchaser”).

SPA Warrant

Under the SPA, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 43,276,194 shares of Common Stock representing a collective ownership of 19.9% (the “SPA Warrant”). The SPA Warrant has a ten-year term and an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The SPA Warrant includes anti-dilutive rights, subject to certain excluded issuances, in the event any shares of Common Stock, options, warrants, convertible securities or other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in Common Stock are issued at a price per share of less than the fair market value (as defined in the Warrant) of a share of Common Stock on the issuance date of the Warrant, subject to adjustment. Until or unless the Company receives stockholder approval, the Company may not issue additional shares of Common Stock exceeding 19.99% of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of the date of the Initial Draw (such percentage, as may be adjusted in accordance with the terms of the Warrant, the “Warrant Conversion Cap”) upon exercise of the Warrant, and is required to issue, at the option of the Lender, Series A Preferred Stock or additional warrants on Common Stock upon a draw under the Delayed Draw Credit Facility. Following shareholder approval, the Warrant Conversion Cap increases to 49.9% of the number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of the applicable measurement date; provided that, following shareholder approval, the holder of the Warrant has the option to amend the Warrant Conversion Cap to any percentage less than 49.9%. Shareholder approval was obtained on September 10, 2024.

The SPA Warrant is exercisable at the holder’s discretion for cash or on a cashless basis. The SPA Warrant is subject to automatic cashless exercise on the expiration date if the fair market value of one share is greater than the exercise price then in effect. Upon an acceleration under the Credit Agreement, the Company may be required to purchase the SPA Warrant from the holder at an amount equal to the closing sale price less the SPA Warrant price at the request of the holder. The SPA Warrant meets the criteria for liability classification under ASC 480 and is recognized at fair value with changes in fair value included in Change in fair value of derivatives - related parties in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income.

Contingent Warrants

Upon the achievement of performance milestones on dates specified in the Credit Agreement, the Company will receive additional funds and will issue at the option of the Lender, Preferred Stock (Series A-1 or A-2 Preferred Stock, if prior to shareholder approval or Series B Preferred stock if after shareholder approval) or warrants on common stock (collectively “Contingent Warrants”) under the SPA in an amount equal to the applicable percentage, up to an aggregate of 33.0% ownership limitation on a fully diluted basis at such time the Delayed Draw Term Loan is fully drawn. The Contingent Warrants meet the criteria for liability classification under ASC 480. As such, the Contingent Warrants are included in Warrants liability - related party on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value as of September 30, 2024. The change in fair value of the Contingent warrants is included in Change in fair value of derivatives - related parties on the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. See Note 14, Warrants Liability, for further discussion of the SPA Warrant and Contingent Warrants.

Series A-1 Preferred Stock

On June 21, 2024, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware the Series A-1 Certificate of Designation and issued 59 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock to satisfy the terms of the Credit Agreement. Under the terms of the Series A-1 Certificate of Designation, each share of Series A-1 Preferred Stock has an original issue price of $455,822.59 (the “A-1 Original Issue Price”) and a liquidation value, payable with the Common Stock, as if such shares were convertible into 541,357 shares, or an aggregate of 31,940,063 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment.

The 59 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock issued to Cerberus converted into shares of Series B-1 Preferred Stock once stockholder approval was obtained on September 10, 2024. See Series B Preferred Stock discussion below.

Series A-2 Preferred Stock

On August 29, 2024, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware the Series A-2 Certificate of Designation (the “Series A-2 Certificate of Designation”).

Under the terms of the Series A-2 Certificate of Designation, each share of Series A-2 Preferred Stock has an original issue price of $9,555,515.30 (the “A-2 Original Issue Price”) and a liquidation value, payable pari passu with the Common Stock, as if such share was convertible into 4,115,209 shares, or an aggregate of 28,806,463 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment. The Series A-2 Preferred Stock is non-voting and non-convertible into Common Stock. Holders of the Series A-2 Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends or distributions on each share of Series A-2 Preferred Stock equal to dividends or distributions actually paid on each share of Common Stock, multiplied by the number of shares of Common Stock represented by the Series A-2 Preferred Stock Liquidation Value (as defined in the Series A-2 Certificate of Designation). The Series A-2 Preferred Stock terms are substantially identical to the Series A-1 Preferred Stock.

On August 29, 2024, in connection with the August Draw, and pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement between the Company and Cerberus, the applicable percentage increased by 4.9%, and as a result the Company issued to Cerberus 7 shares of Series A-2 Preferred Stock.

The 7 shares of Series A-2 Preferred issued to Cerberus converted into shares of Series B-2 Preferred Stock once stockholder approval was obtained in September 2024. See Series B Preferred Stock discussion below.

Series B Preferred Stock

On September 11, 2024, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware the Certificate of Designation of Series B-1 Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series B-1”) and the Certificate of Designation of Series B-2 Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series B-2”).

Under the terms of the Series B-1 Certificate of Designation, each share of Series B-1 Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B-1 Preferred Stock”), has an original issue price of $841,999.99 (the “B-1 Original Issue Price”).

The table below summarizes the Company’s outstanding Preferred Stock as of September 30, 2024.


Preferred Stock	Issuance Date	Shares Issued	Original Issue Price		Shares Outstanding	Common Stock Equivalent


Series B-1 Preferred Stock	9/12/2024	31.940063	$	841,999.99	31.940063	31,940,063
Series B-2 Preferred Stock	9/12/2024	28.806463	$	2,322,000	28.806463	28,806,463

Conversion rights: Under the terms of the Series B-2 Certificate of Designation, each share of Series B-2 Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B-2 Preferred Stock,” and, collectively with the Series B-1 Preferred Stock, the “Series B Preferred Stock”) has an original issue price of $2,322,000 (the “B-2 Original Issue Price”). The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into Common Stock at a conversion ratio of 1.0 million shares of Common Stock per share of Series B Preferred Stock (“Conversion Ratio”). The Conversion Ratio is subject to down-round protection that is triggered if the Company issues equity for a price per share that is less than the conversion ratio.

Dividends: Holders of the Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends or distributions on each share of Series B Preferred Stock equal to dividends or distributions actually paid on each share of Common Stock on an as-converted basis.

Appointment of Directors: At all times when the holders of the Preferred Stock beneficially own at least 10%, 15% 30%, or 40% of the capital stock of the Company, Preferred Stock shareholders, exclusively and voting together as a separate class, will have the right to appoint a maximum of 1, 2, 3, or 4 Directors to the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”), respectively. The Preferred Stock Shareholders will have the right to appoint a 4th Director to the Board only if such appointment does not result in a change of control under any Company governing documents or violate any applicable laws, including requirements of the SEC and Nasdaq.

Preemptive rights: The Series B Certificates of Designation contain customary preemptive rights that permit the Holders of Series B Preferred Stock to participate in certain future equity offerings by the Company.

Rights to distributions upon liquidation of the Company: In the event of a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company, the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive distribution of any of the assets or surplus funds of the Company pro rata with the holders of the Common Stock and any other holders of the preferred stock of the Company issued pursuant to the SPA and the Credit Agreement (the “Investor Preferred Stock”), including the Series B Preferred Stock, in an amount equal to such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of Series B Preferred Stock been converted to Common Stock.

Protective provisions: The Company is prohibited from taking certain actions that could adversely affect the rights of the Preferred Stock without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock until the later of (i) such time when the holders of Investor Preferred Stock shall no longer beneficially own at least 5% of the outstanding capital stock of the Corporation (ii) June 21, 2029.

Redemption Rights: At any time after June 21, 2029, in the case of the Series B-1 Preferred Stock, or August 29, 2029, in the case of the Series B-2 Preferred Stock, the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock held by any holder become redeemable for cash at the redemption price. The redemption price will be an amount per share equal to the greater of (i) the B-1 Original Issue Price or B-2 Original Issue Price, as applicable, plus all accrued and unpaid dividends thereon, up to and including the date of redemption and (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the applicable Series B Preferred Stock multiplied by the average of the closing sale price of the Common Stock for the five (5) business days immediately prior to the date of redemption plus all accrued and unpaid dividends thereon, up to and including the date of redemption.

As of September 30, 2024, both the Series B-1 and B-2 Preferred Stock are classified as mezzanine equity on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at its redemption value because it is probable of becoming redeemable. The Company recorded accretion of the Series B-1 and B-2 Preferred Stock, which reduces additional paid-in capital, on the Unaudited Condensed Statements of Shareholders' Deficit.

Atlas Payoff Letter and Insurer Letter Agreement

On June 21, 2024 (the “Atlas Facility Termination Date”), the Company entered into a payoff letter agreement (the “Atlas Payoff Letter”), by and among the Company, ACP Post Oak Credit I LLC (“Atlas”) and the Atlas Lenders (as defined below) relating to the Company’s Senior Secured Term Loan (see Note 13, Borrowings), dated as of July 29, 2022 (the “Atlas Credit Agreement”), by and among the Company and Atlas, as lender, administrative agent and collateral agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto (collectively with Atlas, the “Atlas Lenders”). Pursuant to the Atlas Payoff Letter, as of the Atlas Facility Termination Date, all outstanding obligations under the Atlas Credit Agreement and the related facility documents were deemed paid and satisfied in full and all security interests and other liens granted to or held by the Atlas Lenders were terminated and released. Under the Atlas Payoff Letter, the Company agreed to pay to the Atlas Lenders on the Atlas Facility Termination Date (a) approximately $11,900 (which was released from the interest escrow account maintained pursuant to the Atlas Credit Agreement, and (b) $8,000. Atlas also agreed, in lieu of amounts due from the Company, to receive a $1,000 participation in the Credit Agreement, as negotiated between Atlas and the Lender. The Company has no obligation under the participation agreement between Atlas and the Lender. The payoff of the Senior Secured Term Loan resulted in a restructuring gain. These amounts are included in Gain (loss) on debt extinguishment on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. See Note 13, Borrowings, for further discussion.

In connection with the termination of the Atlas Credit Agreement, the Company entered into an insurer letter agreement, dated as of June 21, 2024 (the “Insurer Letter Agreement”), with the insurance companies that issued insurance policies to certain Atlas Lenders in connection with the Atlas Credit Agreement (the “Atlas Insurers”) pursuant to which the Company and the Atlas Insurers agreed that the Company shall pay to the Atlas Insurers, subject to the terms and conditions of the Insurer Letter Agreement (i) on December 31, 2024, subject to the absence of certain events of default under the Credit Agreement, $3,000 and (ii) on June 30, 2025, subject to the absence of certain events of default under the Credit Agreement, $4,000. These amounts are included in Accrued expenses on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Revenue Recognition - Revenue Recognition (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 854	$ 684	$ 8,353	$ 9,768
Product revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	368	662	7,465	9,586
Service revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 486	$ 22	$ 888	$ 182

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
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+ Details

Borrowings - Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
2021 Convertible Note Payable \| Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense	$ 1,789	$ 1,686	$ 5,264	$ 4,960
Amortization of debt discount	1,713	1,365	4,832	3,822
Amortization of debt issuance costs	165	132	467	371
Total	3,667	3,183	10,563	9,153
AFG Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total				2,873
AFG Convertible Notes \| Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense	1,308	1,020	3,617	2,659
Amortization of debt discount	246	192	682	550
Amortization of debt issuance costs	70	54	192	155
Total	1,624	1,266	4,491	3,364
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Nonrelated Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense	0	3,540	6,858	10,366
Amortization of debt discount	0	105	224	297
Amortization of debt issuance costs	0	929	1,980	2,624
Total	$ 0	$ 4,574	$ 9,062	$ 13,287

Borrowings (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt

The Company’s debt obligations consist of the following:


		September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Maturity Date	Principal Outstanding		Carrying Value*		Principal Outstanding		Carrying Value*
2021 Convertible Note Payable	June 2026	$	119,289	$	103,469	$	115,815	$	94,386
Delayed Draw Term Loan	June 2029	108,626		46,099		—		—
AFG Convertible Notes	June 2026	19,738		34,598		17,429		18,139
Notes payable - related party		247,653		184,167		133,244		112,525
Senior Secured Term Loan	March 2026	—		—		100,000		85,624
Equipment financing facility	April 2026	3,266		3,262		5,718		5,710
Total borrowings		250,919		187,429		238,962		203,859
Current portion		2,536		2,536		3,332		3,332
Total borrowings, non-current		$	248,383	$	184,893	$	235,630	$	200,527

*Carrying value includes unamortized deferred financing costs, unamortized discounts and fair value of embedded derivative liabilities, except for the Delayed Draw Term Loan, which is carried at fair value.

The Senior Secured Term Loan balances are as follows:


	December 31, 2023
Principal	$	100,000
Unamortized debt discount	(1,459)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(12,917)
Aggregate carrying value	$	85,624

The Company has drawn a portion of the facility as follows:


Date of Draw	Gross Amount of Initial Draw		Coupon Interest Rate	Debt Issuance Costs
September 2021	$	7,000	14.3%	$	175
September 2022	4,216		16.2%	96
Total Equipment Financing loans	$	11,216		$	271

Schedule of Interest Expense

Interest expense recognized on the 2021 Convertible Note is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Contractual interest expense	$	1,789	$	1,686	$	5,264	$	4,960
Amortization of debt discount	1,713		1,365		4,832		3,822
Amortization of debt issuance costs	165		132		467		371
Total	$	3,667	$	3,183	$	10,563	$	9,153

Interest expense recognized on the AFG Convertible Notes is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Contractual interest expense	$	1,308	$	1,020	$	3,617	$	2,659
Amortization of debt discount	246		192		682		550
Amortization of issuance costs	70		54		192		155
Total	$	1,624	$	1,266	$	4,491	$	3,364

The following table summarizes interest expense recognized:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Contractual interest expense	$	—	$	3,540	$	6,858	$	10,366
Amortization of debt discount	—		105		224		297
Amortization of debt issuance costs	—		929		1,980		2,624
Total	$	—	$	4,574	$	9,062	$	13,287

Schedule of Balances Recognized upon Issuance of Convertible Notes

The balances for the 2021 Convertible Note are as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Principal	$	119,289	$	115,815
Unamortized debt discount	(14,780)		(19,612)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,428)		(1,895)
Embedded conversion feature	388		78
Aggregate carrying value	$	103,469	$	94,386

The balances for the AFG Convertible Notes are as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Principal	$	19,738	$	17,429
Unamortized debt discount	(2,153)		(2,835)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(608)		(800)
Embedded conversion feature	17,621		4,345
Aggregate carrying value	$	34,598	$	18,139

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

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+ Details

Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction (Details)										9 Months Ended
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction (Details)	Jun. 30, 2025 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2025 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Nov. 01, 2024 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 11, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares	Aug. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Aug. 29, 2024 USD ($) shares	Jun. 21, 2024 USD ($) installment businessDay $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jul. 29, 2022 USD ($)	May 22, 2020 $ / shares
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt										$ 98,575,000	$ 0
Price of common stock to be purchased through warrants (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares														$ 11.50
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) \| shares										0		0
Preferred stock issued per unit (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares										$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Stock split ratio, Common stock						1,000,000
Preferred stock ownership percentage 1										10.00%
Preferred stock ownership percentage 2										15.00%
Preferred stock ownership percentage 3										30.00%
Preferred stock ownership percentage 4										40.00%
Preferred stock, no longer beneficially owned										5.00%
Preferred Stock
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock									$ 455,822.59
Convertible preferred stock (in shares) \| shares									541,357
Number of common shares issuable upon conversion (in shares) \| shares									31,940,063
Series B-1 Preferred Stock
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) \| shares										31.940063
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock						$ 841,999.99
Preferred stock issued per unit (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 0.0001
Series B-2 Preferred Stock
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) \| shares										28.806463
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock						$ 2,322,000
Preferred stock issued per unit (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 0.0001
Series B Preferred Stock
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Preferred stock, number of business days prior to current period \| businessDay									5
SPA Warrant \| Related Party \| Common Stock
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Common stock to be purchased through each warrant (in shares) \| shares									43,276,194
Warrants and rights outstanding, term									10 years
Price of common stock to be purchased through warrants (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares									$ 0.01
Percentage of additional common stock issued									19.99%
Warrant conversion cap increases percentage									49.90%
SPA Warrant \| Related Party \| Common Stock \| CCM Denali Equity Holdings, LP
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Initial ownership interest										19.90%
SPA Warrant and Contingent Warrants \| Related Party \| Common Stock \| CCM Denali Equity Holdings, LP
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Initial ownership interest									33.00%
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Principal									$ 210,500,000
Number of installments \| installment									4
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt							$ 30,000,000	$ 30,000,000	$ 75,000,000
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Subsequent event
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt				$ 65,000,000	$ 65,000,000
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Forecast
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt		$ 40,500,000
Credit Facility \| Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity									$ 105,000,000
Credit Agreement \| Preferred Stock
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) \| shares									59
Credit Agreement \| Series A-2 Preferred Stock
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) \| shares								7
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock								$ 9,555,515.3
Convertible preferred stock (in shares) \| shares								4,115,209
Number of common shares issuable upon conversion (in shares) \| shares								28,806,463
Credit agreement, increase in applicable percentage (percent)								4.90%
Credit Agreement \| Series B-2 Preferred Stock
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) \| shares										7
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Principal													$ 100,000,000
Interest escrowed for loan												$ 11,755,000
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Atlas Credit Agreement
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Principal									$ 100,000,000
Interest escrowed for loan									11,900,000
Payment for debt extinguishment cost									8,000,000
Debt instrument, participation lieu payments									$ 1,000,000
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Forecast \| Insurer Letter Agreement
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Payment for debt extinguishment cost	$ 4,000,000		$ 3,000,000

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its 100% owned, direct and indirect subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the preparation of the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. These statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for fair presentation of the information contained therein. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation	Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.
Production Tax Credits under Internal Revenue Code 45X ("PTC")	Production Tax Credits under Internal Revenue Code 45X (“PTC”) Since the PTC is a refundable credit (i.e., a credit with a direct-pay option available), the PTC is outside the scope of ASC 740. Therefore, the Company accounts for the PTC under a government grant model. GAAP does not address the accounting for government grants received by a business entity that are outside the scope of ASC 740. The Company’s accounting policy is to analogize to IAS 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, under IFRS Accounting Standards. Under IAS 20, once it is reasonably assured that the entity will comply with the conditions of the grant, the grant money is recognized on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes the related expenses or losses for which the grant money is intended to compensate. The Company recognizes grants once it is probable that both of the following conditions will be met: (1) the Company is eligible to receive the grant and (2) the Company is able to comply with the relevant conditions of the grant. The PTC is a non-monetary asset since the Company’s intention is to sell the tax credit to a third-party and is recorded at the value that is expected to be received from the sale in Grant Receivable, net on the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and is subsequently recognized in Cost of goods sold in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income when the inventory is sold. In the event the PTC is sold, upon the receipt of the cash payments, the Company will record offsets to Grant Receivable, net. Differences in the recorded value of the PTC and the sale price will be recognized as an adjustment to Cost of goods sold in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income.
Fair Value Option	Fair Value Option The Company has elected the option under ASC 825-10, Financial Instruments ("ASC 825"), to measure the Delayed Draw Term Loan, including the draw on August 29, 2024 (see Note 3, Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction) at fair value. The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable unless a new election date occurs. When the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for such instrument is reported in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income at each subsequent reporting date. Upfront costs and fees related to items for which the fair value option is elected shall be recognized in earnings as incurred and not deferred. These amounts are included in Other expense in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. The gains or losses attributable to changes in instrument-specific risk are included in Change in fair value of debt – credit risk in Accumulated other comprehensive income.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which requires an entity, even one with only one reportable segment, to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis, and provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. Additionally, it requires an entity to disclose the title and position of the chief operating decision maker. ASU 2023-07 does not change how an entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates them or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. Entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2023-07 retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-07 and does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows

- Definition

Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.

+ References + Details

Inventory

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventory

The following table provides information about Inventory balances:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	20,738	$	15,487
Work-in-process	4,645		1,105
Finished goods	525		478
Total inventory, net	$	25,908	$	17,070

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The following table reconciles reported amounts from the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash reported within the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:


	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	23,015	$	57,970
Restricted cash - current	2,625		3,439
Long-term restricted cash	5,000		11,652
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	30,640	$	73,061

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash


	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	23,015	$	57,970
Restricted cash - current	2,625		3,439
Long-term restricted cash	5,000		11,652
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	30,640	$	73,061

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 interest_payment
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Restricted cash minimum liquidity requirement amount	$ 2,500
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Restricted cash minimum liquidity requirement amount, after first tranche funding	5,000
Restricted cash minimum liquidity requirement increases	15,000
DOE Clean Energy Financing Program
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Restricted cash minimum liquidity requirement increases	$ 15,000
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Number of immediately following interest payments required to be escrowed \| interest_payment		4

Borrowings - Schedule of Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Principal Outstanding
Total borrowings	$ 250,919	$ 238,962
Current portion	2,536	3,332
Total borrowings, non-current	248,383	235,630
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	187,429	203,859
Current portion	2,536	3,332
Total borrowings, non-current	184,893	200,527
Notes payable - related party
Principal Outstanding
Total borrowings	247,653	133,244
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	184,167	112,525
2021 Convertible Note Payable \| Convertible Notes
Principal Outstanding
Total borrowings	119,289	115,815
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	103,469	94,386
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Principal Outstanding
Total borrowings	108,626	0
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	46,099	0
AFG Convertible Notes \| Convertible Notes
Principal Outstanding
Total borrowings	19,738	17,429
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	34,598	18,139
Senior Secured Term Loan
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	0	85,624
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Principal Outstanding
Total borrowings	0	100,000
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	0	85,624
Equipment financing facility
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	3,262	5,710
Equipment financing facility \| Line of Credit
Principal Outstanding
Total borrowings	3,266	5,718
Carrying Value*
Total borrowings	$ 3,262	$ 5,710

Commitments and Contingencies	9 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Sep. 30, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Minimum Volume Commitment In June 2022, the Company entered into a long-term supply agreement containing a minimum volume commitment with a third party that provides services to process certain raw materials. Any purchase order issued under this supply agreement will be non-cancellable. If the Company fails to order the guaranteed minimum volume defined in the contract at the end of the term, the Company will be required to pay the counterparty an amount equal to the shortfall, if any, multiplied by a fee. The Company is currently negotiating a new long-term supply agreement with the counterparty. As part of the ongoing negotiations, the Company has agreed to pay the counterparty $1,250 as a shortfall penalty and transfer equipment with a net book value of approximately $600. As a result, the Company will be released of any minimum volume commitments as part of the original agreement. A liability of $1,850 has been recorded and is included in Accrued expenses on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and was recognized in Cost of goods sold on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. Class Action Complaints On March 8, 2023, a class action lawsuit was filed in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware by plaintiff Richard Delman against certain defendants including the Company’s former directors (the “Delman Defendants”). Neither the Company nor Eos Energy Storage LLC were named as a defendant but each was identified in the Complaint as a relevant non-party and the Company has indemnification obligations relating to the lawsuit. On February 1, 2024, the parties agreed to a binding Settlement Term Sheet (the “Settlement”) whereby plaintiff agreed to resolve the lawsuit in exchange for a settlement payment of $8,500, to be fully funded by the Company’s Directors and Officers (“D&O”) liability insurance policies subject to a retention by the Company of approximately $1,000 consisting of the Company’s payment of legal fees related to this matter. On June 1, 2024, the parties submitted to the Court of Chancery a definitive Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement, Compromise, and Release, and related documents. On October 17, 2024, the Court of Chancery approved the proposed Settlement and the Company coordinating the settlement payment with the Company’s D&O insurers. On August 1, 2023, a class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court of New Jersey by plaintiff William Houck against the Company, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, its former Chief Financial Officer and its current Chief Financial Officer (with the Company, the “Houck Defendants”). The Complaint alleges that the defendants violated federal securities laws by making knowingly false or misleading statements about the Company’s contractual relationship with a customer and about the size of the Company’s order backlog and commercial pipeline. Defendants deny the allegations and, on February 13, 2024, moved to dismiss the Complaint. On March 5, 2024, plaintiff filed an amended complaint that dropped the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer as a defendant. On April 4, 2024, defendants filed a renewed motion to dismiss the lawsuit. The Company intends to continue to vigorously defend against this action.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Temporary Equity [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	600,000,000	600,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	217,278,404	199,133,827
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	217,278,404	199,133,827

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net - Components of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 73,230	$ 55,887
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(21,684)	(18,032)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	51,546	37,855
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 51,831	20,559
Equipment \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful lives	5 years
Equipment \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful lives	10 years
Finance lease
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 504	504
Estimated Useful lives	5 years
Furniture
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 2,283	2,103
Furniture \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful lives	5 years
Furniture \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful lives	10 years
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 9,047	7,718
Tooling
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 9,483	7,045
Tooling \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful lives	2 years
Tooling \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful lives	3 years
Construction in progress (“CIP”)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 82	$ 17,958

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 854	$ 684	$ 8,353	$ 9,768
Costs and expenses
Cost of goods sold	25,764	21,262	68,114	59,448
Research and development expenses	7,428	3,228	16,878	13,699
Selling, general and administrative expenses	17,796	13,076	43,331	40,169
Loss from write-down of property, plant and equipment	3,192	955	3,528	7,151
Total costs and expenses	54,180	38,521	131,851	120,467
Operating loss	(53,326)	(37,837)	(123,498)	(110,699)
Other (expense) income
Change in fair value of debt - related party	(3,036)	0	(3,276)	0
Change in fair value of warrants	(66,469)	34,406	(71,510)	(24,957)
Change in fair value of derivatives - related parties			(260,227)	(962)
Gain (loss) on debt extinguishment	0	0	68,478	(3,510)
Other (expense) income	(1,593)	421	(4,727)	(474)
(Loss) income before income taxes	(342,882)	14,945	(417,729)	(188,273)
Income tax (benefit) expense	(16)	13	17	25
Net (loss) income attributable to shareholders	(342,866)	14,932	(417,746)	(188,298)
Accretion of Preferred Stock	(41,267)	0	(64,938)	0
Net (loss) income attributable to common shareholders	(384,133)	14,932	(482,684)	(188,298)
Other comprehensive (loss) income
Change in fair value of debt - credit risk	(4,642)	0	(4,642)	0
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	3	(6)	(1)	(3)
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to common shareholders	$ (388,772)	$ 14,926	$ (487,327)	$ (188,301)
Basic and diluted (loss) income per share attributable to common shareholders
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (1.77)	$ 0.11	$ (2.30)	$ (1.65)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1.77)	$ (0.05)	$ (2.30)	$ (1.65)
Weighted average shares of common stock
Basic (in shares)	216,898,374	138,005,222	209,820,480	114,209,090
Diluted (in shares)	216,898,374	156,325,284	209,820,480	114,209,090
Nonrelated Party
Other (expense) income
Interest expense, net	$ (133)	$ (4,994)	$ (7,915)	$ (14,709)
Related Party
Other (expense) income
Interest expense, net	(5,291)	(4,449)	(15,054)	(32,962)
Change in fair value of derivatives - related parties	$ (213,034)	$ 27,398	$ (260,227)	$ (962)

Revenue Recognition - Changes In The Contract Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract liabilities, beginning of the period	$ 6,610
Revenue recognized	(8,128)
Advance payments received from customers	7,457
Unbilled accounts receivable	6,085
Contract liabilities, end of the period	$ 12,024

Inventory (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Inventories

The following table provides information about Inventory balances:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	20,738	$	15,487
Work-in-process	4,645		1,105
Finished goods	525		478
Total inventory, net	$	25,908	$	17,070

Borrowings - Equipment Financing Facility (Details) - Line of Credit - Equipment financing facility - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		36 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gross Amount of Initial Draw	$ 4,216	$ 7,000	$ 11,216
Coupon Interest Rate	16.20%	14.30%
Debt Issuance Costs	$ 96	$ 175	$ 271

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1F
-Subparagraph (b)(1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1F

Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1F
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1F

Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2

Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1

+ Details

Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities


	September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities
SPA Warrant (a)	$	—	$	—	$	115,244	$	—	$	—	$	—
Contingent warrants (a)	$	—	$	—	$	151,805	$	—	$	—	$	—
IPO, April, May and December 2023 Warrants (b)	$	—	$	54	$	98,917	$	—	$	55	$	27,406
Delayed Draw Term Loan	$	—	$	—	$	46,099	$	—	$	—	$	—
Embedded derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	18,009	$	—	$	—	$	4,423
Total liabilities	—		$	54	$	430,074	$	—	$	55	$	31,829

(a) Included in Warrants liability - Related party on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(b) All these instruments are Level 3, except for the IPO warrants (Level 2). These are included in Warrants liability on the Unaudited

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Schedule of Instruments Initially and Subsequently Measured at Fair Value

The following table summarizes instruments that were initially and subsequently measured at fair value. (see Note 3, Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction):


Instrument						Initial measurement date
Initial Draw of the Delayed Draw Term Loan						6/21/2024
SPA Warrant						6/21/2024
Contingent Warrants						6/21/2024
August Draw of the Delayed Draw Term Loan						8/29/2024

Schedule of Assumptions used to Determine Fair Value of Warrants and and Debt Instruments

Quantitative information about all significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for non-recurring level 3 measurements:


Loan Commitment Assets:	June 21, 2024
Milestones achievement expectations	Very high probability
Debt yield	47.5	%

Quantitative information about all significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for recurring level 3 measurements:



Delayed Draw Term Loan Initial Tranche	June 21, 2024		September 30, 2024
Debt yield	47.5	%	42.5	%

Contingent Warrants- all tranches	June 21, 2024		September 30, 2024
Milestones achievement expectations	Very high probability		Very high probability
Volatility	70.0	%	65.0	%
Discount for lack of marketability (“DLOM”)	10.0	%	10.0	%

SPA Warrant	June 21, 2024		September 30, 2024
Discount for lack of marketability (“DLOM”)	10.0	%	10.0	%


Delayed Draw Term Loan August Draw	August 31, 2024		September 30, 2024
Debt yield	42.5	%	42.5	%

Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Delayed Draw Term Loan
Balance at beginning of the period	25,893		$	—	—		$	—
Additions- August Draw	12,528		—		38,181		—
Change in fair value of Term Loan	7,678		—		7,918		—
Balance at end of the period	$	46,099	$	—	$	46,099	$	—

SPA Warrant and Contingent Warrants
Balance at beginning of the period	$	141,296	$	—	$	—	$	—
Additions	—		—		95,094		—
Conversion to preferred stock	(74,686)		—		(74,686)		—
Change in fair value of warrants	200,439		—		246,641		—
Balance at end of the period	$	267,049	$	—	$	267,049	$	—

April, May, and December 2023 Warrants
Balance at beginning of the period	$	32,450	$	56,905	$	27,406	$	—
Additions	—		—		—		29,553
Change in fair value of warrants	66,466		(34,065)		71,510		(6,713)
Balance at end of the period	$	98,916	$	22,840	$	98,916	$	22,840


Embedded derivatives
Balance at beginning of the period	$	5,414	$	42,767	$	4,423	$	1,945
Additions	—		—		—		42,191
Change in fair value of derivatives - related parties1	12,595		(27,398)		13,586		(28,767)
Balance at end of the period	$	18,009	$	15,369	$	18,009	$	15,369

1 Includes loss on debt extinguishment from Yorkville Promissory Note conversions for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Schedule of Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The estimated fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was as follows:


	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Notes receivable	$	847	$	743	$	863	$	719
Loan commitment assets	58,525		53,274		—		—
2021 Convertible Note*	103,469		72,680		94,386		57,998
Senior Secured Term Loan	—		—		85,624		61,360
AFG Convertible Notes*	34,598		35,103		18,139		18,352
Equipment financing facility	3,262		2,918		5,710		4,826
Preferred Stock	156,069		168,668		—		—
Total	$	356,770	$	333,386	$	204,722	$	143,255

*Includes the embedded derivative liabilities.

Fair Value Measurement - Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 21, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	$ 187,429		$ 203,859
Carrying Value	356,770		204,722
Fair Value		$ 76,091
Notes receivable
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	847		863
Loan commitment assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	58,525		0
2021 Convertible Note
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	103,469		94,386
Senior Secured Term Loan
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	0		85,624
AFG Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	34,598		18,139
Equipment financing facility
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	3,262		5,710
Preferred Stock
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Value	156,069		0
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	333,386		143,255
Level 3 \| Notes receivable
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	743		719
Level 3 \| Loan commitment assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	53,274		0
Level 3 \| 2021 Convertible Note
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	72,680		57,998
Level 3 \| Senior Secured Term Loan
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	0		61,360
Level 3 \| AFG Convertible Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	35,103		18,352
Level 3 \| Equipment financing facility
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	2,918		4,826
Level 3 \| Preferred Stock
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 168,668		$ 0

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule Share Based Compensation Award Valuation Assumptions (Details) - TSR Awards $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company share price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.74
Company volatility	115.30%
Company correlation	0.361
Company dividend yield \| $	$ 0
Weighted average performance term	2 years 4 months 24 days
Weighted average risk-free interest rate	4.30%
Peer group average volatility	0.543
Peer group average correlation	0.442
Weighted average grant date fair value	$ 3.19

Inventory (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 20,738	$ 15,487
Work-in-process	4,645	1,105
Finished goods	525	478
Total inventory, net	$ 25,908	$ 17,070

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
Cover - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Nov. 04, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-39291
Entity Registrant Name	EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	84-4290188
Entity Address, Address Line One	3920 Park Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	Edison
Entity Address, State or Province	NJ
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	08820
City Area Code	732
Local Phone Number	225-8400
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		217,912,361
Entity Central Index Key	0001805077
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	EOSE
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Warrant
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants, each exercisable for one share of common stock
Trading Symbol	EOSEW
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

Warrants Liability

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Warrants Liability

The amount of warrants outstanding and fair value for all warrants as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:


	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
	Number of Warrants Outstanding	Fair Value		Number of Warrants Outstanding	Fair Value
Warrants liability
IPO warrants	274,400	$	54	274,400	$	55
April 2023 warrants	16,000,000	24,178		16,000,000	6,276
May 2023 warrants	3,601,980	5,917		3,601,980	1,544
December 2023 warrants	34,193,105	68,821		34,482,759	19,586
Total	54,069,485	$	98,970	54,359,139	$	27,461
Warrants liability - related party
SPA Warrant	1	115,244		—	—
Contingent warrants(a)	—	151,805		—	—
Total	1	$	267,049	—	$	—

(a) Contingent warrants represent future issuable shares of stock. See Note 3, Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction for further discussion.

Warrants liability

The Company issued private placement warrants to B. Riley Financial, Inc. in conjunction with its initial public offering 2020 (“IPO warrants”).

In April 2023, the Company issued 16,000,000 shares of common stock and 16,000,000 private placement warrants to purchase shares of common stock. In May 2023, the Company issued another 3,601,980 shares of common stock and 3,601,980 private placement warrants to purchase shares of common stock (the “April 2023 warrants” and “May 2023 warrants”, respectively).

In December 2023, the Company issued in a combined public offering 34,482,759 shares of common stock and 34,482,759 accompanying common warrants to purchase shares of common stock (the "December 2023 warrants"). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, 289,654 of the December 2023 warrants were exercised.

The IPO, April, May, and December 2023 Warrants are classified as Warrant liability on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in fair value of the IPO, April, May, and December 2023 Warrants is presented as Change in fair value of warrants on the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. See Note 15, Fair Value Measurements for further information.

Warrants liability- related party

SPA Warrant

As discussed in Note 3, Credit Agreement and Securities Purchase Transaction, the Company issued to the Purchaser, one warrant to purchase 43,276,194 shares of Common Stock. The warrant has a ten-year term, a $0.01 per share exercise price, and is exercisable at the Purchaser’s discretion for cash or on a cashless basis. Upon an acceleration under the Credit Agreement, the Company could be required to purchase the warrant from the holder at an amount equal to the most recently quoted price. Following stockholder approval on September 10, 2024, the Warrant Conversion Cap increased to 49.9%. See Note 3, Credit Agreement and Securities Purchase Transaction for additional information on this transaction.

Contingent Warrants

Following the Initial Draw, on three separate predetermined draw dates upon the achievement of the corresponding performance milestone for each such draw date, the Company will receive additional funds under the Credit Agreement and will issue securities under the SPA in an amount equal to the applicable percentage, up to an aggregate of 33.0% ownership limitation on a fully-diluted basis at such time the Delayed Draw Term Loan is fully drawn. Although these contingent warrants are not issued or exercisable until additional draws occur, they meet the definition of a derivative and are recognized at fair value with changes in fair value reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income.

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Feb. 01, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Long-term supply agreement, shortfall penalty		$ 1,250
Long-term supply agreement, equipment transfer		600
Long-term supply agreement liability		$ 1,850
Settlement, amount awarded to other party	$ 8,500
Payments for legal settlements	$ 1

Accrued Expenses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses were as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued payroll	$	7,524	$	4,553
Warranty reserve (2)	4,695		6,197
Accrued legal and professional expenses	11,468		10,710
Provision for contract losses	3,692		3,351
Insurance premium payable	—		2,605

Other (1)	10,386		4,916
Total accrued expenses	$	37,765	$	32,332

(1) Included in Other accrued expenses in the table above as of September 30, 2024, is $7,000 payable in accordance with the Insurer Letter Agreement.

See Note 3, Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction for further discussion.

(2) Refer to the table below for the warranty reserve activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The following table summarizes warranty reserve activity:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Warranty reserve - beginning of period	$	5,054	$	4,421	$	6,197	3,836
Additions for current period deliveries	61		58		326		455
Changes in the warranty reserve estimate	—		416		(1,150)		1,124
Warranty costs incurred	(420)		—		(678)		(520)
Warranty reserve - end of period	$	4,695	$	4,895	$	4,695	$	4,895

Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense included in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Stock options	$	—	$	1,048	$	264	$	2,027
Performance-based restricted stock units	3,681		—		3,681		—
Restricted stock units	2,461		3,408		6,995		8,096
Total	$	6,142	$	4,456	$	10,940	$	10,123

The stock compensation expense has been recorded in cost of goods sold, research and development expenses and selling, general and administrative expenses.

Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”)

As of September 30, 2024, there was $26,569 of unrecognized compensation cost attributable to unvested restricted stock units. Compensation expense for these unvested awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.4 years for RSUs.

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (“PRSU”)

During the third quarter of 2024, the Company granted contingent shares to select key executives that may be earned based on the Company’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) over a two and three-year period following the grant date. TSR awards are paid out in stock at the end of the vesting period based on the Company’s stock performance. The performance is measured by determining the percentile rank of the total shareholder return of the Company’s common stock relative to the TSR of the Russell 2000 index peer group for the two and three-year period following the grant date. This peer group includes the entire Russell 2000 index as it existed at the beginning of the performance period, excluding any companies that were removed from the index during the performance period. The payment of awards following the two and three-year award period is based on performance achieved in accordance with the scale set forth in the plan agreement and may range from 0% to 200% of the initial grant. The fair value of the TSR awards is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation in an option pricing framework.

The following summarizes the key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the TSR awards that were granted, and the resulting weighted average grant date fair value.


	TSR awards
Company share price	$	1.74
Company volatility	115.3		%
Company correlation	36.1		%
Company dividend yield	—		%
Weighted average performance term	2.4 years
Weighted average risk-free interest rate	4.3		%
Peer group average volatility	54.3		%
Peer group average correlation	44.2		%
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	3.19

During the third quarter of 2024, the Company also granted shares contingent upon the achievement of certain performance milestones related to the Credit Agreement that may be earned over the performance period following the grant date. The contingent share awards (“Milestone PRSU”) are paid out in stock at the end of the vesting period based on the Company’s achievement of the performance milestones.

As of September 30, 2024, there was $13,863 of unrecognized compensation cost related to the Company’s PRSUs. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.0 year.

Earnings Per Share - Schedule of Diluted Net Loss Per Share Because their Effect Would have been Anti-dilutive for the Periods (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Stock options, RSUs, PRSUs
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share	26,966,240		26,966,240	9,239,612
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share		1,585,056
Public and private placement warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share	104,397,933	7,326,654	104,397,933	26,928,634
Convertible Notes (if converted)
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share	17,782,644		17,782,644	14,836,450
Series B Preferred Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share	60,746,526		60,746,526	0

Accrued Expenses - Warranty Reserve Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]
Warranty reserve - beginning of period	$ 5,054	$ 4,421	$ 6,197	$ 3,836
Additions for current period deliveries	61	58	326	455
Changes in the warranty reserve estimate	0	416	(1,150)	1,124
Warranty costs incurred	(420)	0	(678)	(520)
Warranty reserve - end of period	$ 4,695	$ 4,895	$ 4,695	$ 4,895

Fair Value Measurement - Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Level 1 \| Embedded derivatives
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Embedded derivatives	$ 0	$ 0
Level 1 \| Delayed Draw Term Loan
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Delayed Draw Term Loan	0	0
Level 1 \| SPA Warrant
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants liability	0	0
Level 1 \| SPA Warrant and Contingent Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants liability	0	0
Level 1 \| IPO, April, May and December 2023 Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants liability	0	0
Total liabilities	0	0
Level 2 \| Embedded derivatives
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Embedded derivatives	0	0
Level 2 \| Delayed Draw Term Loan
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Delayed Draw Term Loan	0	0
Level 2 \| SPA Warrant
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants liability	0	0
Level 2 \| SPA Warrant and Contingent Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants liability	0	0
Level 2 \| IPO, April, May and December 2023 Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants liability	54	55
Total liabilities	54	55
Level 3 \| Embedded derivatives
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Embedded derivatives	18,009	4,423
Level 3 \| Delayed Draw Term Loan
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Delayed Draw Term Loan	46,099	0
Level 3 \| SPA Warrant
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants liability	115,244	0
Level 3 \| SPA Warrant and Contingent Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants liability	151,805	0
Level 3 \| IPO, April, May and December 2023 Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants liability	98,917	27,406
Total liabilities	$ 430,074	$ 31,829

Overview	9 Months Ended
Overview	Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Overview	Overview Nature of Operations Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “Eos”) designs, develops, manufactures and markets innovative energy storage solutions for utility-scale, microgrid and commercial & industrial (“C&I”) applications. Eos developed a broad range of intellectual property with multiple patents covering unique battery chemistry, mechanical product design, energy block configuration and a software operating system (Battery Management System). The Company has only one operating and reportable segment. Liquidity and Going Concern As a growth company in the early commercialization stage of its lifecycle, Eos is subject to inherent risks and uncertainties associated with the development of an enterprise. In this regard, substantially all of the Company’s efforts to date have been devoted to the development and manufacturing of battery energy storage systems and complementary products and services, recruitment of management and technical staff, deployment of capital to expand the Company’s operations to meet customer demand and raising capital to fund the Company’s development. However, as a result of these efforts, the Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception and expects to continue to incur such losses and negative cash flows for the foreseeable future until such time that the Company can reach a scale of profitability to sustain its operations. In order to execute its development strategy, the Company has historically relied on outside capital through the issuance of equity, debt and borrowings under financing arrangements (collectively “outside capital”) to fund its cost structure. While the Company believes its recent entry into new credit facilities as discussed below has significantly improved its capital position and provides a path to sustainable operations and profitability, there can be no assurance the Company will be able to achieve such profitability or do so in a manner that does not require additional outside capital. Moreover, while the Company has historically been successful in raising outside capital, there can be no assurance the Company will be able to continue to obtain outside capital in the future or do so on terms that are acceptable to the Company, should it be needed. As disclosed in Note 3, Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction, on June 21, 2024, the Company entered into a financing transaction with CCM Denali Debt Holdings, LP, an affiliate of Cerberus Capital Management LP (herein after referred to as “Cerberus”, “Denali”, “Lender”, “Holder”). As a result of this transaction, Cerberus agreed to provide a $210,500 secured multi-draw facility to be made in four installments (the “Delayed Draw Term Loan”) as well as a $105,000 revolving credit facility (“Revolving Facility”), to be made available beginning June 21, 2026, at Cerberus’ sole discretion and only if the Delayed Draw Term Loan is fully funded. As of the date the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements were issued (the “issuance date”), management evaluated the significance of the following negative financial conditions in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 205-40, Going Concern: •Since its inception, the Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash from operations in order to fund its development. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company incurred a net loss of $417,746, incurred negative cash flows from operations of $111,252 and had an accumulated deficit of $1,293,592 as of September 30, 2024. •As of September 30, 2024, the Company had $23,015 of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents available to fund the Company’s operations and working capital of $74,080, which includes loan commitment assets of $58,525 classified as current assets on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. •Additionally, the Company continues to progress through the Department of Energy (DOE) Loan Programs Office’s (LPO) process for its Title XVII loan. In August 2023, the DOE issued a conditional commitment letter to the Company for a loan of an aggregate principal amount of up to $398,600 through the DOE’s Clean Energy Financing Program. Certain technical, legal and financial conditions must be met and due diligence to the satisfaction of the DOE must be completed before the DOE enters into definitive financing documents with the Company and funds the loan. The Company continues to work with the DOE to meet these conditions and close the loan, however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to secure such a loan or on terms that are acceptable to the Company. •The Company is required to remain in compliance with certain quarterly financial covenants under its Credit Agreement. These financial covenants include, as defined in the Credit Agreement, (a) Minimum Consolidated EBITDA, (b) Minimum Consolidated Revenue, and (c) Minimum Liquidity (collectively, the “financial covenants”). As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants and non-financial covenants, except for the September 30, 2024 Minimum Consolidated Revenue financial covenant. The Company secured a waiver of non-compliance from Cerberus for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. The Company expects it may be unable to remain in compliance with the Minimum Consolidated Revenue financial covenant beginning December 31, 2024, absent the Company’s ability to secure a waiver or amend the Credit Agreement. In the event the Company is unable to comply with the financial and the non-financial covenants as of December 31, 2024, and the Company is unable to secure another waiver, Cerberus may, at its discretion, enter into a forbearance agreement with the Company and/or exercise any and all of its existing rights and remedies, which may include, among other things, asserting its rights in the Company’s assets securing the loan. Moreover, the Company’s other lenders may exercise similar rights and remedies under the cross-default provisions of their respective borrowing arrangements with the Company. •Cerberus funded the Company $30,000 (“August Draw”), and the Company received $28,500, net of the 5.0% original issue discount, since the Company met the milestones for the August Draw as disclosed in Note 3, Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction. Subsequently, on November 1, 2024, Cerberus funded the Company $65,000 related to the October 31, 2024 tranche (“October Draw” or “October Tranche”), and the Company received $61,750, which is net of the 5.0% original issue discount from the Delayed Draw Term Loan as disclosed in Note 21, Subsequent Events. In the event the Company does not achieve the remaining funding milestone, and Cerberus chooses not to continue funding, and the Company’s ongoing efforts to raise additional outside capital prove unsuccessful, the Company will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due over the next twelve months beyond the issuance date. In such an event, management will be required to seek other strategic alternatives, which may include, among others, a significant curtailment in the Company’s operations, a sale of certain of the Company’s assets, a sale of the entire Company to strategic or financial investors and/or allowing the Company to become insolvent. These uncertainties raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates that the Company will be able to realize assets and settle liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

Shareholders’ Deficit - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Shareholders’ Deficit - Narrative (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) vote $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) vote $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares	May 22, 2020 $ / shares shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000		1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0		0		0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0		0		0
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	600,000,000		600,000,000		600,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Number of votes for each share \| vote	1		1
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	217,278,404		217,278,404		199,133,827
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	217,278,404		217,278,404		199,133,827
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding \| $	$ 771,000	$ 136,000	$ 1,122,000	$ 587,000
Common stock to be purchased through warrants (in shares)						9,075,000
Price of common stock to be purchased through warrants (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 11.50
Public Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise of warrants (in shares)	0	0	0	0
Warrants outstanding (in shares)	7,052,254		7,052,254		7,052,254
Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of treasury stock \| $				$ 35,550,000
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)				23,630,937
ATM
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)	0	28,938,944	16,627,523	28,938,944
Authorized value of stock to be sold \| $	$ 200,000		$ 200,000
Cash received on issuance of shares \| $		$ 81,897,000	$ 14,089,000	$ 81,897,000
Sale of stock, average price per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 2.74	$ 0.87	$ 2.74

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 23,015	$ 69,473	$ 57,970
Restricted cash - current	2,625	3,439	3,439
Long-term restricted cash	5,000	11,755	11,652
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 30,640	$ 84,667	$ 73,061	$ 31,223

Government Grants (Details) - Production Tax Credits - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Government Assistance [Line Items]
Tax credits transferred, sales price as percentage of value (percent)		90.00%
Transferred tax credits purchase price		$ 3,430
Government assistance amount	$ 170		$ 109	$ 1,837	$ 953
Current grants receivable	$ 1,506			$ 1,506		$ 3,256

Revenue Recognition - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in contract asset			$ 4,729	$ 471
Increase (decrease) in contract liabilities			5,414	$ (565)
Revenue recognized			(8,128)
Contract liabilities, current	$ 8,721		8,721		$ 3,070
Contract liabilities, long-term	3,303		3,303		$ 3,540
Contract assets, current	11,911		11,911
Contract assets, long-term	1,140		1,140
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 30,149		$ 30,149
Remaining performance obligation percentage expected to be recognized	75.00%		75.00%
Revenue Benchmark \| Customer 1 \| Customer Concentration Risk
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	65.60%	51.40%	80.30%	91.00%
Revenue Benchmark \| Customer 2 \| Customer Concentration Risk
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	21.80%	35.50%	10.10%

Warrants Liability (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Common Stock Warrants Outstanding and Fair Value

The amount of warrants outstanding and fair value for all warrants as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:


	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
	Number of Warrants Outstanding	Fair Value		Number of Warrants Outstanding	Fair Value
Warrants liability
IPO warrants	274,400	$	54	274,400	$	55
April 2023 warrants	16,000,000	24,178		16,000,000	6,276
May 2023 warrants	3,601,980	5,917		3,601,980	1,544
December 2023 warrants	34,193,105	68,821		34,482,759	19,586
Total	54,069,485	$	98,970	54,359,139	$	27,461
Warrants liability - related party
SPA Warrant	1	115,244		—	—
Contingent warrants(a)	—	151,805		—	—
Total	1	$	267,049	—	$	—

(a) Contingent warrants represent future issuable shares of stock. See Note 3, Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction for further discussion.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

The following table provides information about Property, plant and equipment, net balances:


	Estimated Useful lives	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Equipment	5 to 10 years	$	51,831	$	20,559
Finance lease	5 years	504		504
Furniture	5 to 10 years	2,283		2,103
Leasehold improvements	Lesser of useful life/ remaining lease	9,047		7,718
Tooling	2 to 3 years	9,483		7,045
Construction in progress (“CIP”)		82		17,958
Total		73,230		55,887
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(21,684)		(18,032)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		$	51,546	$	37,855

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 23,015	$ 69,473
Restricted cash	2,625	3,439
Loan commitment assets	58,525	0
Accounts receivable, net	3,197	3,387
Inventory, net	25,908	17,070
Vendor deposits	9,332	7,161
Contract assets, current	11,911	6,386
Prepaid expenses	1,074	1,082
Grant receivable	1,506	3,256
Other receivables	7,500	7,500
Other current assets	4,617	3,577
Total current assets	149,210	122,331
Property, plant and equipment, net	51,546	37,855
Intangible assets, net	237	295
Goodwill	4,331	4,331
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	3,059	4,033
Long-term restricted cash	5,000	11,755
Other assets, net	3,458	5,892
Total assets	216,841	186,492
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	24,345	20,540
Accrued expenses	37,765	32,332
Operating lease liability, current	1,719	1,496
Long-term debt, current	2,536	3,332
Contract liabilities, current	8,721	3,070
Other current liabilities	44	100
Total current liabilities	75,130	60,870
Long-term liabilities:
Operating lease liability	2,010	3,350
Long-term debt	726	88,002
Notes payable - related party	184,167	112,525
Interest payable - related party	3,097	0
Contract liabilities, long-term	3,303	3,540
Other liabilities	76	1,544
Total long-term liabilities	559,398	236,422
Total liabilities	634,528	297,292
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 16)
SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 600,000,000 shares authorized, 217,278,404 and 199,133,827 shares outstanding on September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	23	21
Additional paid in capital	724,449	765,018
Accumulated deficit	(1,293,592)	(875,846)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(4,636)	7
Total shareholders' deficit	(573,756)	(110,800)
Total liabilities, preferred stock and shareholders' deficit	216,841	186,492
Series B Preferred Stock
Long-term liabilities:
SERIES B PREFERRED STOCK (NOTE 3)	156,069	0
Nonrelated Party
Long-term liabilities:
Warrants liability	98,970	27,461
Related Party
Long-term liabilities:
Warrants liability	$ 267,049	$ 0

Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction - Schedule Of Company’s Outstanding Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Shares Issued (in shares)	0	0
Shares Outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Series B-1 Preferred Stock
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Shares Issued (in shares)	31.940063
Original Issue Price (in dollars per share)	$ 841,999.99
Shares Outstanding (in shares)	31.940063
Common Stock Equivalent	$ 31,940,063
Series B-2 Preferred Stock
Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction [Line Items]
Shares Issued (in shares)	28.806463
Original Issue Price (in dollars per share)	$ 2,322,000
Shares Outstanding (in shares)	28.806463
Common Stock Equivalent	$ 28,806,463

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense included in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Stock options	$	—	$	1,048	$	264	$	2,027
Performance-based restricted stock units	3,681		—		3,681		—
Restricted stock units	2,461		3,408		6,995		8,096
Total	$	6,142	$	4,456	$	10,940	$	10,123

Schedule Share Based Compensation Award Valuation Assumptions

The following summarizes the key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the TSR awards that were granted, and the resulting weighted average grant date fair value.


	TSR awards
Company share price	$	1.74
Company volatility	115.3		%
Company correlation	36.1		%
Company dividend yield	—		%
Weighted average performance term	2.4 years
Weighted average risk-free interest rate	4.3		%
Peer group average volatility	54.3		%
Peer group average correlation	44.2		%
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	3.19

Fair Value Measurement - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 21, 2024	May 22, 2020
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Loan commitment assets		$ 76,091
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)			$ 11.50
Level 3 \| SPA Warrant
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01

Revenue Recognition - Information about Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract assets	$ 13,051	$ 8,322
Contract liabilities	$ 12,024	$ 6,610

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

The following table provides information about Property, plant and equipment, net balances:


	Estimated Useful lives	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Equipment	5 to 10 years	$	51,831	$	20,559
Finance lease	5 years	504		504
Furniture	5 to 10 years	2,283		2,103
Leasehold improvements	Lesser of useful life/ remaining lease	9,047		7,718
Tooling	2 to 3 years	9,483		7,045
Construction in progress (“CIP”)		82		17,958
Total		73,230		55,887
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(21,684)		(18,032)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		$	51,546	$	37,855

Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $2,669 and $2,144 for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023 and $5,193 and $7,255 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company recorded a loss from write-down of property, plant and equipment of $3,192 and $955 for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023, and $3,528 and $7,151 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The 2023 write-downs were mainly due to replacement of equipment, outsourcing of certain production processes and the shift in production from the Gen 2.3 battery system to the Z3™ battery system. The 2024 write-downs were primarily related to design changes from the Z3™-Phase 1 to Z3™-Phase 2 production in which the Phase 1 production assets could not be utilized or repurposed for Phase 2 production.

On June 28, 2024, the Company successfully began commercial operations on the first manufacturing line. Accordingly, the assets classified as construction in progress were reclassified to equipment, leasehold improvements, furniture and tooling as of June 28, 2024. Included in construction in progress prior to the reclassification were capitalized interest costs of $1,841 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. There were no capitalized interest costs recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense related to property and equipment	$ 2,669	$ 2,144	$ 5,193	$ 7,255
Loss from write-down of property, plant and equipment	3,192	955	3,528	7,151
Interest costs	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,841	$ 0

Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 18, 2023	Jul. 06, 2021
2021 Convertible Note Payable \| Convertible Notes
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Principal						$ 100,000,000
Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payment made for debt issuance cost		$ 0	$ 3,046,000
Related Party \| 2021 Convertible Note Payable
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Notes payable	$ 100,000,000
Payment made for debt issuance cost	$ 3,000,000
Related Party \| AFG Convertible Notes \| Convertible Notes
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Principal				$ 13,750,000	$ 13,750,000
Paid-in-kind interest rate				26.50%	26.50%

Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

The following table provides the numerators and denominators used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Net (loss) income for basic earnings per share	$	(384,133)	$	14,932
Effect of potentially dilutive shares:
Adjustment for interest on Convertible Notes	—		4,449
Adjustment for fair value gains on embedded derivatives for Convertible Notes	—		(27,398)
Net loss for diluted earnings per share	$	(384,133)	$	(8,017)

Weighted-average basic common shares outstanding	216,898,374		138,005,222
Dilutive effect of Convertible Notes	—		14,836,450
Dilutive effect of April and May Warrants	—		1,344,677
Dilutive effect of Restricted Stock Units	—		1,142,184
Dilutive effect of Stock Options	—		996,751
Weighted-average dilutive common shares outstanding	216,898,374		156,325,284


Earnings per share:
Basic	$	(1.77)	$	0.11
Diluted	$	(1.77)	$	(0.05)

Basic net earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net earnings attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the applicable period. Diluted EPS is computed using the treasury stock method for warrants, stock options, and restricted stock units; and the if-converted method for convertible notes.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.


						Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Public and private placement warrants						7,326,654
Stock options						1,585,056

Generally, basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.The Preferred Series B is a participating security that does not have the obligation to share in the losses of the Company. Therefore, the more dilutive of the “if-converted” and “two-class” method must be applied when calculating EPS for the common shares. Management has elected to recognize changes in the redemption value of the Series B Preferred Stock. At each balance sheet date, the redemption value of the Series B Preferred Stock will be calculated, and if the redemption value is greater than the carrying value, the carrying value will be accreted to the redemption value. The accretion is recorded as a deemed dividend, which, in the absence of Retained earnings, reduces additional paid in capital and earnings available to common shareholders in computing basic and diluted EPS. Other potentially dilutive common shares and the related impact to earnings are considered when calculating EPS on a diluted basis.

Since the Company incurred a net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2024, as well as the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the potential dilutive shares from stock options, restricted stock units, warrants, and convertible notes were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented. Therefore, basic and diluted EPS are computed using the same number of weighted-average shares for the three months ended September 30, 2024, as well as the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the three months ended September 30, 2024, as well as the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:


	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30,	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023
Stock options, RSUs, PRSUs	26,966,240	9,239,612
Public and private placement warrants	104,397,933	26,928,634
Convertible Notes (if converted)	17,782,644	14,836,450
Series B Preferred Stock	60,746,526	—

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share

The following table provides the numerators and denominators used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Net (loss) income for basic earnings per share	$	(384,133)	$	14,932
Effect of potentially dilutive shares:
Adjustment for interest on Convertible Notes	—		4,449
Adjustment for fair value gains on embedded derivatives for Convertible Notes	—		(27,398)
Net loss for diluted earnings per share	$	(384,133)	$	(8,017)

Weighted-average basic common shares outstanding	216,898,374		138,005,222
Dilutive effect of Convertible Notes	—		14,836,450
Dilutive effect of April and May Warrants	—		1,344,677
Dilutive effect of Restricted Stock Units	—		1,142,184
Dilutive effect of Stock Options	—		996,751
Weighted-average dilutive common shares outstanding	216,898,374		156,325,284


Earnings per share:
Basic	$	(1.77)	$	0.11
Diluted	$	(1.77)	$	(0.05)

Schedule of Anti-Dilutive Shares Excluded From Diluted Net Loss Per Share


						Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Public and private placement warrants						7,326,654
Stock options						1,585,056

The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the three months ended September 30, 2024, as well as the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:


	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30,	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023
Stock options, RSUs, PRSUs	26,966,240	9,239,612
Public and private placement warrants	104,397,933	26,928,634
Convertible Notes (if converted)	17,782,644	14,836,450
Series B Preferred Stock	60,746,526	—

Overview (Details)							3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Overview (Details)	Jan. 31, 2025 USD ($)	Nov. 01, 2024 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Aug. 29, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 21, 2024 USD ($) installment	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) segment	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 29, 2022 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments \| segment									1
Number of operating segments \| segment									1
Net (loss) income attributable to shareholders							$ (342,866,000)	$ 14,932,000	$ (417,746,000)	$ (188,298,000)
Net cash used in operating activities									111,252,000	107,578,000
Accumulated deficit							1,293,592,000		1,293,592,000		$ 875,846,000
Cash and cash equivalents							23,015,000	$ 57,970,000	23,015,000	57,970,000	69,473,000
Working capital							74,080,000		74,080,000
Loan commitment assets							$ 58,525,000		58,525,000		$ 0
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt									$ 98,575,000	$ 0
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Principal						$ 210,500,000
Number of installments \| installment						4
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt				$ 30,000,000	$ 30,000,000	$ 75,000,000
Percentage of original issue discount					5.00%	5.00%
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Subsequent event
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt		$ 65,000,000	$ 65,000,000
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt, net of original issue discount		$ 61,750,000
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Forecast
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of secured debt	$ 40,500,000
Credit Facility \| Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity						$ 105,000,000
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Principal													$ 100,000,000
DOE Clean Energy Financing Program \| Notes Payable
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount												$ 398,600,000

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	9 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its 100% owned, direct and indirect subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the preparation of the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. These statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for fair presentation of the information contained therein. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. Series A-1, A-2, B-1, and B-2 Preferred Stock As discussed in Note 3, Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction, the shares of Series A-1 and A-2 Preferred Stock that were issued in June and August 2024, respectively, and subsequently converted into shares of Series B-1 and B-2 Preferred Stock, respectively, in September 2024 (collectively “Series B Preferred Stock” and together with Series A-1 Preferred Stock and Series A-2 Preferred Stock, “the Preferred Stock”), become redeemable based upon the passage of time and therefore meet the criteria to be classified within temporary equity. Management has elected to recognize changes in the redemption value pursuant to ASC 480-10-S99-3A-15(b). As a result, the Company will remeasure the Preferred Stock to the maximum redemption value at each reporting date but will never be adjusted below its initial carrying value. Adjustments are reflected in Additional paid in capital on the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Production Tax Credits under Internal Revenue Code 45X (“PTC”) Since the PTC is a refundable credit (i.e., a credit with a direct-pay option available), the PTC is outside the scope of ASC 740. Therefore, the Company accounts for the PTC under a government grant model. GAAP does not address the accounting for government grants received by a business entity that are outside the scope of ASC 740. The Company’s accounting policy is to analogize to IAS 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, under IFRS Accounting Standards. Under IAS 20, once it is reasonably assured that the entity will comply with the conditions of the grant, the grant money is recognized on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes the related expenses or losses for which the grant money is intended to compensate. The Company recognizes grants once it is probable that both of the following conditions will be met: (1) the Company is eligible to receive the grant and (2) the Company is able to comply with the relevant conditions of the grant. The PTC is a non-monetary asset since the Company’s intention is to sell the tax credit to a third-party and is recorded at the value that is expected to be received from the sale in Grant Receivable, net on the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and is subsequently recognized in Cost of goods sold in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income when the inventory is sold. In the event the PTC is sold, upon the receipt of the cash payments, the Company will record offsets to Grant Receivable, net. Differences in the recorded value of the PTC and the sale price will be recognized as an adjustment to Cost of goods sold in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. Fair Value Option The Company has elected the option under ASC 825-10, Financial Instruments ("ASC 825"), to measure the Delayed Draw Term Loan, including the draw on August 29, 2024 (see Note 3, Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction) at fair value. The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable unless a new election date occurs. When the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for such instrument is reported in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income at each subsequent reporting date. Upfront costs and fees related to items for which the fair value option is elected shall be recognized in earnings as incurred and not deferred. These amounts are included in Other expense in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. The gains or losses attributable to changes in instrument-specific risk are included in Change in fair value of debt – credit risk in Accumulated other comprehensive income. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which requires an entity, even one with only one reportable segment, to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis, and provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. Additionally, it requires an entity to disclose the title and position of the chief operating decision maker. ASU 2023-07 does not change how an entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates them or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. Entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2023-07 retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-07 and does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows

Stock-Based Compensation - Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock compensation expense	$ 6,142	$ 4,456	$ 10,940	$ 10,123
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock compensation expense	0	1,048	264	2,027
Performance-based restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock compensation expense	3,681	0	3,681	0
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock compensation expense	$ 2,461	$ 3,408	$ 6,995	$ 8,096

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 35
-Paragraph 1D
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

+ Details

Borrowings - Net Carrying Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	$ 250,919	$ 238,962
Total borrowings	187,429	203,859
2021 Convertible Note Payable \| Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	119,289	115,815
Unamortized debt discount	(14,780)	(19,612)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,428)	(1,895)
Embedded conversion feature	388	78
Total borrowings	103,469	94,386
AFG Convertible Notes \| Convertible Notes \| Related Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	19,738	17,429
Unamortized debt discount	(2,153)	(2,835)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(608)	(800)
Embedded conversion feature	17,621	4,345
Total borrowings	34,598	18,139
Senior Secured Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total borrowings	0	85,624
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	0	100,000
Total borrowings	$ 0	85,624
Senior Secured Term Loan \| Secured Debt \| Nonrelated Party
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal		100,000
Unamortized debt discount		(1,459)
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(12,917)
Total borrowings		$ 85,624

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax (benefit) expense	$ (16)	$ 13	$ 17	$ 25

- Definition

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 270
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (i)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
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-Subparagraph (ee)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 50
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
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-Publisher FASB
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Topic 235
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

+ Details

Fair Value Measurement - Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Embedded derivatives
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the period	$ 5,414	$ 42,767	$ 4,423	$ 1,945
Additions	0	0	0	42,191
Change in fair value of liabilities	12,595	(27,398)	13,586	(28,767)
Balance at end of the period	18,009	15,369	18,009	15,369
SPA Warrant and Contingent Warrants \| Warrant
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the period	141,296	0	0	0
Additions	0	0	95,094	0
Conversion to preferred stock	(74,686)	0	(74,686)	0
Change in fair value of liabilities	200,439	0	246,641	0
Balance at end of the period	267,049	0	267,049	0
April, May, and December 2023 Warrants \| Warrant
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the period	32,450	56,905	27,406	0
Additions	0	0	0	29,553
Change in fair value of liabilities	66,466	(34,065)	71,510	(6,713)
Balance at end of the period	98,916	22,840	98,916	22,840
Delayed Draw Term Loan \| Debt
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of the period	25,893	0	0	0
Additions	12,528	0	38,181	0
Change in fair value of liabilities	7,678	0	7,918	0
Balance at end of the period	$ 46,099	$ 0	$ 46,099	$ 0

Shareholders’ Deficit	9 Months Ended
Shareholders’ Deficit	Sep. 30, 2024
Equity [Abstract]
Shareholders’ Deficit	Shareholders’ Deficit Preferred Stock The Company is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s Board of Directors. The preferred stock has a par value of $0.0001 As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding. Common Stock The Company is authorized to issue 600,000,000 shares of common stock at $0.0001 par value as of September 30, 2024. The holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 217,278,404 and 199,133,827 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively. Treasury Stock The Company recorded treasury stock of $771 and $136 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and $1,122 and $587 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, for shares withheld from employees to cover the payroll tax liability of RSUs vested. The treasury stock was immediately retired. Public Warrants The Company sold warrants to purchase 9,075,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in a public offering on May 22, 2020 (the “Public Warrants”). Each Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase a share of common stock at a price of $11.50 per share. There were no Public Warrants exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 7,052,254 public warrants outstanding for both periods. Standby Equity Purchase Agreement During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, total funds raised under the SEPA, inclusive of proceeds received from the Yorkville convertible promissory notes, were $35,550. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, total shares issued under the SEPA were 23,630,937. On August 23, 2023, the Company and Yorkville terminated the SEPA, as amended, by mutual written consent. At the time of termination, there were no outstanding borrowings, advance notices or shares of Common Stock to be issued under the SEPA. In addition, there were no fees due by the Company or Yorkville in connection with the termination of the SEPA. At-the-Market Offering Program The Company has a sales agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”), with respect to an at-the-market offering (“ATM”) program under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of its common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $200,000 through Cowen as its sales agent and/or principal. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company sold 16,627,523 shares raising proceeds of $14,089, net of fees paid to Cowen, at an average selling price of $0.87 per share. There were no shares issued under the ATM offering program for the three months ended September 30, 2024. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold 28,938,944 shares raising proceeds of $81,897, net of fees paid to Cowen, at an average selling price of $2.74 per share.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for equity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
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+ Details

Stock-Based Compensation - Narratives (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock compensation expense	$ 26,569	$ 26,569
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting term		2 years 4 months 24 days
TSR Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock compensation expense	$ 13,863	$ 13,863
Vesting term		1 year
TSR Awards \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Grant date term	2 years
Vesting of award based on performance achieved (percent)	0.00%
TSR Awards \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Grant date term	3 years
Vesting of award based on performance achieved (percent)	200.00%

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

+ Details

Earnings Per Share - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Net (loss) income for basic earnings per share	$ (384,133)	$ 14,932	$ (482,684)	$ (188,298)
Effect of potentially dilutive shares:
Adjustment for interest on Convertible Notes	0	4,449
Adjustment for fair value gains on embedded derivatives for Convertible Notes	0	(27,398)
Net (loss) income attributable to common shareholders	$ (384,133)	$ (8,017)
Weighted-average basic common shares outstanding (in shares)	216,898,374	138,005,222	209,820,480	114,209,090
Dilutive effect of Convertible Notes (in shares)	0	14,836,450
Dilutive effect of April and May Warrants	0	1,344,677
Weighted-average dilutive common shares outstanding (in shares)	216,898,374	156,325,284	209,820,480	114,209,090
Earnings per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (1.77)	$ 0.11	$ (2.30)	$ (1.65)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1.77)	$ (0.05)	$ (2.30)	$ (1.65)
Restricted stock units
Effect of potentially dilutive shares:
Dilutive effect of Restricted Stock Units and Stock Option (in shares)	0	1,142,184
Stock Options
Effect of potentially dilutive shares:
Dilutive effect of Restricted Stock Units and Stock Option (in shares)	0	996,751

Borrowings

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Borrowings

The Company’s debt obligations consist of the following:


		September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Maturity Date	Principal Outstanding		Carrying Value*		Principal Outstanding		Carrying Value*
2021 Convertible Note Payable	June 2026	$	119,289	$	103,469	$	115,815	$	94,386
Delayed Draw Term Loan	June 2029	108,626		46,099		—		—
AFG Convertible Notes	June 2026	19,738		34,598		17,429		18,139
Notes payable - related party		247,653		184,167		133,244		112,525
Senior Secured Term Loan	March 2026	—		—		100,000		85,624
Equipment financing facility	April 2026	3,266		3,262		5,718		5,710
Total borrowings		250,919		187,429		238,962		203,859
Current portion		2,536		2,536		3,332		3,332
Total borrowings, non-current		$	248,383	$	184,893	$	235,630	$	200,527

Delayed Draw Term Loan (“DDTL”)

As discussed in Note 3, Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction, the Company borrowed an Initial Draw of $75,000, and received $$71,250, net of the 5.0% original issue discount from Delayed Draw Term Loan facility on June 21, 2024. On August 29, 2024, the Company met the first tranche milestones and submitted a borrowing request under the Credit Agreement for the scheduled $30,000, and received $28,500, net of the 5.0% original issue discount. The remaining two tranches may be drawn in the amounts of $65,000 and $40,500 on October 31, 2024, and January 31, 2025, respectively, upon the Company’s achievement of certain applicable funding milestones. See Note 3, Credit Agreement and Securities Purchase Transaction for additional information on this transaction.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at an annual rate equal to 15.0% per annum, subject to the following increases: (i) an additional 5.0% per annum upon the occurrence of an event of default under the Credit Agreement; and (ii) an additional 1.0% - 5.0% per annum for failure to obtain stockholder approval within 90 to 240 days following the signing of the Credit Agreement. The Company’s may elect to add accrued and unpaid interest on the loans to the principal amount of the loans (capitalized interest). Each tranche under the Delayed Draw Term Loan is subject to a 5.0% original issue discount payable at the time of each draw. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are subject to certain fees, including (i) an exit fee equal to 5.0% of the aggregate principal amount of Loans, or Revolving Loans being paid, repaid, prepaid, refinanced or replaced in a prepayment event, (ii) a make-whole payment for certain prepayments prior to June 21, 2027 and (iii) a prepayment premium for any prepayments prior to the scheduled maturity date. The Credit and Guaranty Agreement includes a Minimum Liquidity requirement under which the Company shall not permit liquidity at any time be less than $2,500, prior to the first tranche funding. Following the first tranche being funded, the Minimum Liquidity requirement increased to $5,000 and once the Delayed Draw Term Loan is disbursed in full, or the first date any indebtedness is incurred through the DOE LPO, or the Company achieves positive Minimum Consolidated EBITDA, the Minimum Liquidity requirement increases to $15,000.

The DDTL is scheduled to mature on the earlier of (i) the date that is five years after the signing of the Credit Agreement and (ii) 91 days prior to the maturity of certain of the Company’s outstanding convertible notes.

Milestones

In the event the Company fails to achieve any milestones on any predetermined tranche date or the one additional milestone measurement date, the Company will not receive the specific tranche unless waived by the Lenders, and will be subject to a penalty represented by an up to 4.0% increase in the applicable percentage in the form of additional warrants or preferred shares at each missed milestone measurement date, which could result in the issuance of additional shares of Preferred Stock or Warrants up to an applicable percentage increase of up to 16.0% for all missed milestones, or up to a 45.0% overall applicable percentage taking into account the 33.0% applicable percentage. If the Company fails to achieve an interim milestone, but then subsequently achieves the final milestone for that particular category, the incremental penalty equity related to that milestone category is returned to the Company.

Covenants

The Credit Agreement also contains certain financial covenants, including (each as defined in the Credit Agreement)

•Minimum Consolidated EBITDA

•Minimum Consolidated Revenue

•Minimum Liquidity

As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with the Minimum Consolidated EBITDA and the Minimum Liquidity financial covenant, and secured a waiver from Cerberus for non-compliance with the Minimum Consolidated Revenue financial covenant.

The facilities are subject to certain events of default which can be triggered by, among other things, (i) breach of payment obligations and other obligations and representations in the Credit Agreement nor related documents, (ii) default under other debt facilities with a principal above a predetermined amount, (iii) failure to perform or comply with certain covenants in the Credit Agreement, (iv) entry into a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company or any of its subsidiaries in an involuntary case under the Bankruptcy Code of the United States or under any other debtor relief law, (v) any money judgment, writ or warrant of attachment or similar process involving in the aggregate at any time an amount in excess of $2,500, (vi) any order, judgement or decree entered against the Company or the Guarantors decreeing the dissolution or split up of such entity, (vii) the failure of the Common Stock to be listed on an internationally recognized stock exchange in the United States and (viii) a change of control.

The Company elected the fair value option to account for the Delayed Draw Term Note for operational ease. The financial liability was initially measured at its issue-date fair value and is subsequently remeasured at fair value on a recurring basis at each reporting period date. The Company also elected the fair value option for the August Draw. The Initial Draw fair value, as well as the August Draw fair value (collectively the DDTL), was $25,653, and $12,528, respectively, at issuance. As of September 30, 2024, the fair value for the DDTL was $46,099. A loss of $3,036 and $3,276 was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. This is included in Change in fair value of debt - related party on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. The Company also recorded a loss attributable to changes in instrument-specific risk of $4,642 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. This is included in Change in fair value of debt - credit risk in Accumulated other comprehensive income.

The Company did not separately report interest expense attributable to the DDTL because such interest was included in the determination of the fair value of the Note. See Note 15, Fair Value Measurement for the assumptions used to determine the fair value the Delayed Draw Term Loan at issuance and at September 30, 2024.

2021 Convertible Note Payable – Related Party

On July 6, 2021, the Company entered into an investment agreement with Spring Creek Capital, LLC, a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of Koch Industries, Inc. The investment agreement provides for the issuance and sale to Koch Industries of the 2021 Convertible Note in the aggregate principal amount of $100,000.

The 2021 Convertible Note contains an embedded derivative feature, which is presented on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of Notes payable - related party. See Note 15, Fair Value Measurement for the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the embedded derivative as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Interest expense recognized on the 2021 Convertible Note is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Contractual interest expense	$	1,789	$	1,686	$	5,264	$	4,960
Amortization of debt discount	1,713		1,365		4,832		3,822
Amortization of debt issuance costs	165		132		467		371
Total	$	3,667	$	3,183	$	10,563	$	9,153

The balances for the 2021 Convertible Note are as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Principal	$	119,289	$	115,815
Unamortized debt discount	(14,780)		(19,612)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,428)		(1,895)
Embedded conversion feature	388		78
Aggregate carrying value	$	103,469	$	94,386

The Company is obligated to repay all contractual interest attributable to the 2021 Convertible Note in-kind on a semi-annual basis, in accordance with the terms under the Delayed Draw Term Loan. Therefore, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, interest payable attributable for the 2021 Convertible Note was $1,789 and nil, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, interest that was paid in kind, capitalized and added to the principal amount of the 2021 Convertible Note was $3,474 and $3,275, respectively.

AFG Convertible Notes - Related Party

On January 18, 2023, the Company entered into the Investment Agreement with the AFG Convertible Notes Purchasers relating to the issuance and sale to the AFG Convertible Notes Purchasers of $13,750 in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s AFG Convertible Notes. The AFG Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 26.5% per annum, which is entirely paid-in-kind (“PIK Interest”) semi-annually in arrears on June 30 and December 30. It is expected that the Notes will mature on June 30, 2026, subject to earlier conversion, redemption or repurchase. The AFG Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, based on an initial conversion price of approximately $1.67 per share subject to customary anti-dilution and other adjustments. The Company has the right to settle conversions in shares of common stock, cash, or any combination thereof.

The Conversion Option includes an exercise contingency, which requires the Company to obtain stockholder approval for conversions subject to the Exchange Cap. If stockholder approval of the issuance of additional shares of Common Stock is not obtained, following commercially reasonable efforts, the Company will be required to settle the conversion in excess of the Exchange Cap in cash. Since settlement in cash may be required in absence of stockholder approval, the embedded conversion feature fails the equity classification guidance in ASC 815 and is thus precluded from being classified in equity. Therefore, the embedded conversion feature is required to be bifurcated from the AFG Convertible Notes and accounted for at fair value at each reporting date, with changes in fair value recognized on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. The embedded derivative is presented on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of Notes payable - related party. The fair value of the embedded derivative was $17,621 and $4,345 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The fair value of the AFG Convertible Notes at issuance was $16,623, which was greater than the proceeds received. The Company recorded the difference of $2,873 as interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income.

Interest expense recognized on the AFG Convertible Notes is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Contractual interest expense	$	1,308	$	1,020	$	3,617	$	2,659
Amortization of debt discount	246		192		682		550
Amortization of issuance costs	70		54		192		155
Total	$	1,624	$	1,266	$	4,491	$	3,364

The balances for the AFG Convertible Notes are as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Principal	$	19,738	$	17,429
Unamortized debt discount	(2,153)		(2,835)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(608)		(800)
Embedded conversion feature	17,621		4,345
Aggregate carrying value	$	34,598	$	18,139

The Company is obligated to repay all contractual interest attributable to the AFG Convertible Notes in-kind on a semi-annual basis, in accordance with the terms of the Investment Agreement. Therefore, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, interest payable attributable to the AFG Convertible Notes was $1,308 and nil, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, interest that was paid in kind, capitalized and added to the principal amount of the AFG Convertible Note was $2,309 and $1,640, respectively.

Senior Secured Term Loan

On July 29, 2022, the Company entered into a $100,000 Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement with Atlas Credit Partners (ACP) Post Oak Credit I LLC, as administrative agent for the lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties. The Senior Secured Term Loan was scheduled to mature on the earlier of (i) July 29, 2026 and (ii) 91 days prior to the current maturity date of the 2021 Convertible Note of June 30, 2026.

The outstanding principal balance of the Senior Secured Term Loan bears interest, at the applicable margin plus, at the Company’s election, either (i) the benchmark secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”), which is a per annum rate equal to (y) the Adjusted Term SOFR plus 0.2616%, or (ii) the alternate base rate (“ABR”), which is a per annum rate equal to the greatest of (x) the Prime Lending Rate, (y) the NYFRB Rate (as defined in the agreement) plus 0.5% and (z) the SOFR. The applicable margin under the Credit Agreement is 8.5% per annum with respect to SOFR loans and 7.5% per annum with respect to ABR loans. Interest on the Senior Secured Term Loan accrues at a variable interest rate and interest payments are due quarterly.

Additionally, interest was required to be escrowed based on the principle outstanding. This amount was $11,755 at December 31, 2023. This escrowed and restricted cash was presented on a separate line item on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as Long-term restricted cash. The agreements also contained customary affirmative and negative covenants. The Company was in compliance with all covenants prior to and at the time of the loan termination, as discussed below.

Termination of the Senior Secured Term Loan

On June 21, 2024, the Atlas Credit Agreement, and the subsequent commitment increase agreements thereto, which provided for a $100,000, were terminated pursuant to the terms of the Atlas Payoff Letter and the Insurer Letter Agreement, and all security interests and other liens granted to or held by the Atlas Lenders were terminated and released.

In accordance with the Atlas Payoff Letter, the Company agreed to payoff the Senior Secured Term Loan for (a) approximately $11,900 (which was released from the interest escrow account maintained pursuant to the Atlas Credit Agreement and (b) $1,000 for the account of Atlas; provided that Atlas agreed to accept a participation in the Credit Agreement in lieu of such $1,000 payment, and (c) $8,000. In accordance with the Insurer Letter Agreement, the Company shall pay to the Atlas Insurers (i) on December 31, 2024, subject to the absence of certain events of default under the Credit Agreement, $3,000 and (ii) on June 30, 2025, subject to the absence of certain events of default under the Credit Agreement, $4,000.

Absent termination, the Senior Secured Term Loan would have matured on the earlier of (i) July 29, 2026 and (ii) 91 days prior to the maturity of certain of the Company’s outstanding convertible notes. The aggregate principal amount of the Senior Secured Term Loan outstanding was $100,000 at the time of termination.

The Company accounted for the termination of the Senior Secured Term Loan in accordance with ASC 470-60, Troubled Debt Restructurings. As a result, the Company recognized a restructuring gain of $68,478 in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

See Note 3, Credit Agreement and Securities Purchase Transaction for additional information on this transaction.

The following table summarizes interest expense recognized:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Contractual interest expense	$	—	$	3,540	$	6,858	$	10,366
Amortization of debt discount	—		105		224		297
Amortization of debt issuance costs	—		929		1,980		2,624
Total	$	—	$	4,574	$	9,062	$	13,287

The Senior Secured Term Loan balances are as follows:


	December 31, 2023
Principal	$	100,000
Unamortized debt discount	(1,459)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(12,917)
Aggregate carrying value	$	85,624

Equipment Financing facility

The Company entered into an agreement on September 30, 2021 with Trinity Capital Inc. (“Trinity”) for a $25,000 equipment financing facility, the proceeds of which will be used to acquire certain manufacturing equipment, subject to Trinity’s approval. Each draw is executed under a separate payment schedule (a “Schedule”) that constitutes a separate financial instrument. The financing fees included in each Schedule are established through monthly payment factors determined by Trinity. Such monthly payment factors are based on the Prime Rate reported in The Wall Street Journal in effect on the first day of the month in which a Schedule is executed. The Company has drawn a portion of the facility as follows:


Date of Draw	Gross Amount of Initial Draw		Coupon Interest Rate	Debt Issuance Costs
September 2021	$	7,000	14.3%	$	175
September 2022	4,216		16.2%	96
Total Equipment Financing loans	$	11,216		$	271

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, total equipment financing carrying value was $3,262 and $5,710, respectively of which $2,536 and $3,332 are recorded as a current liability on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. Interest expense attributable to the equipment financing agreement was $148 and $535 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Interest expense attributable to the equipment financing agreement was $265 and $874 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Yorkville Convertible Promissory Notes - Related Party

In December 2022, February 2023, March of 2023, and April 2023, the Company issued convertible promissory notes with an aggregate principal amount of $37,000 in a private placement to Yorkville under the second and third supplemental agreements to the SEPA. The fair values of the convertible promissory notes at issuance were greater than the proceeds received. Accordingly, the Company recorded the excess of fair value of these promissory notes over the proceeds as Interest expense - related party in the amount of $17,572, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which is reflected in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income.

During the first half of 2023, Yorkville delivered Investor Notices requiring the Company to issue and sell an aggregate of 22,947,029 shares of common stock to Yorkville to offset all outstanding amounts owed to Yorkville under the outstanding convertible promissory notes. The Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment from the issuance of common stock from the outstanding convertible promissory notes of $3,510 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which is reflected in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income.

The conversion feature for each of the convertible promissory notes did not qualify for the scope exception to derivative accounting, therefore the conversion option was bifurcated from each convertible promissory note. The bifurcated derivatives were recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance and subject to remeasurement at the debt extinguishment date, with changes in fair value recognized as a realized gain or loss in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. Net gain of $6,922 was recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

As of December 31, 2023, there were no outstanding Yorkville convertible promissory notes.

Credit and Securities Purchase Transaction (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule Of Company’s Outstanding Preferred Stock

The table below summarizes the Company’s outstanding Preferred Stock as of September 30, 2024.


Preferred Stock	Issuance Date	Shares Issued	Original Issue Price		Shares Outstanding	Common Stock Equivalent


Series B-1 Preferred Stock	9/12/2024	31.940063	$	841,999.99	31.940063	31,940,063
Series B-2 Preferred Stock	9/12/2024	28.806463	$	2,322,000	28.806463	28,806,463

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Series B Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid in capital	Additional Paid in capital Series B Preferred Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit
Beginning balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			82,653,781
Beginning balances at Dec. 31, 2022	$ (132,711)		$ 9	$ 513,614		$ 6	$ (646,340)
Increase (decrease) in stockholders' equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	10,123			10,123
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			250,000
Exercise of stock options	335			335
Release of restricted stock units (in shares)			1,606,791
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding (in shares)			(303,655)
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding	(587)			(587)
Issuance of common stock (in shares)			72,171,861
Issuance of common stock	182,810		$ 7	182,803
Accretion of Preferred Stock	0
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(3)					(3)
Change in fair value of debt - credit risk	0
Net income	(188,298)						(188,298)
Ending balances (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023			156,378,778
Ending balances at Sep. 30, 2023	(128,331)		$ 16	706,288		3	(834,638)
Beginning balances (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023			127,309,960
Beginning balances at Jun. 30, 2023	(229,541)		$ 14	620,006		9	(849,570)
Increase (decrease) in stockholders' equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	4,456			4,456
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			50,000
Exercise of stock options	67			67
Release of restricted stock units (in shares)			93,458
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding (in shares)			(13,584)
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding	(136)			(136)
Issuance of common stock (in shares)			28,938,944
Issuance of common stock	81,897		$ 2	81,895
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(6)					(6)
Change in fair value of debt - credit risk	0
Net income	14,932						14,932
Ending balances (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023			156,378,778
Ending balances at Sep. 30, 2023	$ (128,331)		$ 16	706,288		3	(834,638)
Beginning balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	199,133,827		199,133,827
Beginning balances at Dec. 31, 2023	$ (110,800)		$ 21	765,018		7	(875,846)
Increase (decrease) in stockholders' equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	10,940			10,940
Release of restricted stock units (in shares)			1,941,965
Exercise of warrants (in shares)			289,654
Exercise of warrants	463			463
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding (in shares)			(714,565)
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding	(1,122)			(1,122)
Issuance of common stock (in shares)			16,627,523
Issuance of common stock	14,089		$ 2	14,087
Accretion of Preferred Stock	(64,938)	$ (64,938)			$ (64,938)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1)					(1)
Change in fair value of debt - credit risk	(4,642)					(4,642)
Net income	$ (417,746)						(417,746)
Ending balances (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	217,278,404		217,278,404
Ending balances at Sep. 30, 2024	$ (573,756)		$ 23	724,449		(4,636)	(1,293,592)
Beginning balances (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024			216,491,215
Beginning balances at Jun. 30, 2024	(190,819)		$ 23	759,881		3	(950,726)
Increase (decrease) in stockholders' equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	6,142			6,142
Release of restricted stock units (in shares)			913,774
Exercise of warrants (in shares)			289,654
Exercise of warrants	463			463
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding (in shares)			(416,239)
Cancellation of shares used to settle payroll tax withholding	(771)			(771)
Accretion of Preferred Stock		$ (41,267)			$ (41,267)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	3					3
Change in fair value of debt - credit risk	(4,642)					(4,642)
Net income	$ (342,866)						(342,866)
Ending balances (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	217,278,404		217,278,404
Ending balances at Sep. 30, 2024	$ (573,756)		$ 23	$ 724,449		$ (4,636)	$ (1,293,592)

Revenue Recognition

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

The Company primarily earns revenue from sales of its energy storage systems and services including installation, commissioning and extended warranty services. Product revenues, which are generally recognized at a point in time, and service revenues, which are generally recognized over time, are as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Product revenue	$	368	$	662	$	7,465	$	9,586
Service revenue	486		22		888		182
Total revenues	$	854	$	684	$	8,353	$	9,768

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company had two customers that accounted for 65.6% and 21.8% of total revenue; for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we had two customers that accounted for 80.3% and 10.1% of total revenue as the Company focused on the transition to the new manufacturing line.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company had two customers that accounted for 51.4% and 35.5% of total revenue, respectively; for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we had one customer that accounted for 91.0% of total revenue.

Contract assets and Contract liabilities


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contract assets	$	13,051	$	8,322
Contract liabilities	$	12,024	$	6,610

The Company recognizes contract assets for certain contracts in which revenue recognition performance obligations have been satisfied but invoicing to the customer has not yet occurred. Contract liabilities primarily relate to consideration received from customers in advance of the Company’s satisfying performance obligations under contractual arrangements. Contract balances are reported in a net contract asset or liability position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.

Contract assets increased by $4,729 during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, due to recognition of revenues for which invoicing has not yet occurred.

The following table provides information about changes in Contract liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	2024
Contract liabilities, beginning of the period	$	6,610
Revenue recognized	(8,128)
Advance payments received from customers	7,457
Unbilled accounts receivable	6,085
Contract liabilities, end of the period	$	12,024

Contract liabilities of $8,721 as of September 30, 2024, are expected to be recognized within the next twelve months and long-term contract liabilities of $3,303 are expected to be recognized as revenue in greater than twelve months. Contract assets of $11,911 as of September 30, 2024, are expected to be recognized within the next twelve months and long-term contract assets of $1,140 are expected to be recognized as accounts receivable in greater than twelve months.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations (“RPO”) represent the allocated transaction price of unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize revenue related to the RPOs as the performance obligations are satisfied in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy, which can be found in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. As of September 30, 2024, the Company's remaining performance obligations were approximately $30,149. The Company expects to recognize revenue of approximately 75% of the remaining performance obligations over the next twelve months, with the remainder recognized thereafter.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-9

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-15

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/606/tableOfContent

+ Details

Government Grants	9 Months Ended
Government Grants	Sep. 30, 2024
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Government Grants	Government Grants Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”) On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 into law. The IRA has significant economic incentives for both energy storage customers and manufacturers for projects placed in service after December 31, 2022. Starting in 2023, there are PTC, which can be claimed on battery components manufactured in the U.S. and sold to U.S. or foreign customers. The tax credits available to manufacturers include a credit for ten percent of the cost incurred to make electrode active materials in addition to credits of $35 per kWh of capacity of battery cells and $10 per kWh of capacity of battery modules. These credits are cumulative, meaning that companies will be able to claim each of the available tax credits based on the battery components produced and sold through 2029, after which the PTC will begin to gradually phase down through 2032. In April 2024, the Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issued final regulations (Final Regulations) on the transferability of certain energy tax credits, pursuant to Section 6418 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which was enacted as part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. The Company has reviewed these regulations and believes they do not have a material impact on the financial statements. In October 2024, the Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issued final regulations (Final Regulations) to provide guidance on the PTC established by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. The Company is currently assessing the potential implications of these regulations on the financial statements. Since the PTC is a refundable credit (i.e., a credit with a direct-pay option available), the PTC is outside the scope of ASC 740. Therefore, the Company accounts for the PTC under a government grant model. GAAP does not address the accounting for government grants received by a business entity that are outside the scope of ASC 740. The Company’s accounting policy is to analogize to IAS 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, under IFRS Accounting Standards. Under IAS 20, once it is reasonably assured that the entity will comply with the conditions of the grant, the grant money is recognized on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes the related expenses or losses for which the grant money is intended to compensate. The Company recognizes grants once it is probable that both of the following conditions will be met: (1) the Company is eligible to receive the grant and (2) the Company is able to comply with the relevant conditions of the grant. The PTC is recorded as the applicable items are produced and sold and the conditions in the preceding paragraph are met. During the second quarter of 2024, the Company entered into tax credit purchase agreements to sell and transfer all of the PTCs related to the production and sale of battery cells and battery modules produced in calendar years 2023 and in the first quarter of 2024, that were eligible to be claimed on the Company’s tax returns for the related years. The transferred tax credits were sold at 90% of their value and the cash purchase price of the PTCs was $3,430. Cash was received from the buyer in April and June of 2024, after the completed registration requirements were filed through the IRS‑provided electronic portal, inclusive of registration numbers needed to claim the credit on the Buyer’s tax return. Upon the receipt of the cash payments, the Company recorded offsets to the PTC/Grant Receivable account. There were no differences between the recorded fair value of the PTC receivable and the amount of consideration received. Future differences, if any, will be recognized as an adjustment to cost of goods sold. The Company recognized PTC credits of $170 and $109 for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023 and $1,837 and $953 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as a reduction of cost of goods sold on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, grant receivable related to the PTC in the amount of $1,506 and $3,256, respectively, is recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Restricted cash - current consists of escrow deposits related to U.S. Custom Bonds insurance and escrow deposits related to our credit card program agreements.

Long-term restricted cash as of September 30, 2024, relates to, as defined in the Credit Agreement, the Minimum Liquidity covenant, Prior to the first tranche funding, the Company shall not permit cash and cash equivalents at any time be less than $2,500. Once the first tranche is funded, the requirement increases to $5,000 and once the Delayed Draw Term Loan is disbursed in full, or the first date any indebtedness is incurred through the DOE LPO, or the Company achieves positive Minimum Consolidated EBITDA, the requirement increases to $15,000.

Long-term restricted cash as of September 30, 2023, relates to interest that was required to be held in escrow per the Senior Secured Term Loan Agreement in an amount equal to the next four quarterly interest payments owed as of the balance sheet date. In connection with the June 2024 SPA and the Credit Agreement, the Company reached an agreement to payoff and terminate the Senior Secured Term Loan. Accordingly, the restricted cash held in the related escrow account was released (see Note 13, Borrowings and Note 3, Credit Agreement and Securities Purchase Transaction for further discussion).


	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	23,015	$	57,970
Restricted cash - current	2,625		3,439
Long-term restricted cash	5,000		11,652
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	30,640	$	73,061